Enhancing antenna performance: A comprehensive review of metamaterial utilization

The ever-increasing demand for wireless communication services, driven by the proliferation of mobile devices, the surge in data-hungry applications, and the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), has placed immense pressure on available bandwidth resources. In response to this pressing issue, researchers and engineers have turned to MIMO technology as a promising solution. In the context of future fifth-generation (5G) terminals, achieving optimal isolation while maintaining a compact size remains a formidable challenge. This challenge arises from the increasing demands placed on 5G devices, which require efficient and high-performance antenna systems in constrained form factors. Until now, numerous antennas utilizing metamaterials have been proposed. However, a comprehensive review based on key enhancement techniques is still lacking in the literature. Consequently, we aim to conduct a comprehensive examination of the numerous types of 5G metamaterial-based single and MIMO antenna designs in this study.