Synthesis of a bimetal-organic framework-cobalt oxide nanoflowers (Ni/Co-MOF@Co3O4 NFs) for sensitive tebuconazole extraction from fruit juice and water samples using micro-solid phase extraction-HPLC-DAD

[Display omitted] •Ni/Co-MOF@Co3O4 nanoflowers were synthesized using hydrothermal and calcination methods.•They were used for µ-SPE of tebuconazole (TBZ) from water and fruit juice samples.•Characterization was performed using SEM, XRD, and FT-IR analysis.•Analysis of TBZ was done using HPLC-DAD with C18.•The method showed good recovery values (90–102 %) and a low LOQ 13.0 ng L−1.•The µ-SPE technique is fast, simple, accurate, and precise for trace TBZ measurement. Tebuconazole (TBZ) is a widely used triazole fungicide that poses potential risks to human health and the environment due to its persistence in food and water. Effective monitoring of TBZ residues is crucial for ensuring food safety and environmental protection. This study presents a novel method for synthesizing Ni/Co-MOF@Co3O4 nanoflowers (NFs) and their application in extracting TBZ from water and fruit juice samples via micro-solid phase extraction (µ-SPE). Ni/Co-MOF@Co3O4 NFs was synthesized using the hydrothermal technique followed by calcination. The synthesized nanoflowers were characterized through SEM, XRD, and FT-IR analyses. Optimal extraction conditions were established at pH 8, using 10 mg of adsorbent, with adsorption and desorption times of 3 and 2 min, respectively. TBZ analysis was conducted using HPLC with a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column and a diode array detector (DAD). The method demonstrates excellent recovery rates (90–102 %) and RSD% of 3.7 % in spiked fruit juice and natural water samples. The analytical performance showed a wide linear range (1–2000 µg L−1) with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9998), a detection limit of 4.0 ng L−1, and a quantification limit of 13.0 ng L−1. This approach is fast, simple, and highly sensitive, offering a reliable technique for detecting trace levels of TBZ in food and water environments.