Solidification enhancement of phase change materials using fins and nanoparticles in a triplex-tube thermal energy storage unit: Recent advances and development

Although phase change materials are significant for heat storage, the fundamental issue with energy storage is their poor heat conductivity. Three scenarios have been widely provided to enhance the discharging efficiency of a triplex-tube heat storage unit: the first uses fins, the second uses nanoparticles, and the third use both fins and nanoparticles. This paper's primary goal is to introduce a thorough evaluation of the state-of-the-art research on solidification enhancement of phase change materials in a triplex-tube thermal energy storage system, as well as a summary of employing fins, nanoparticles, and both fins and nanoparticles. This study examines several more factors that influence the solidification enhancement of phase change materials (PCMs). These variables include the effect of employing various fin geometries, the temperature of the thermal fluid, heat exchanger length and pipes' diameters, the velocity of the coolant, the length and thickness of fins, fins' intensity, and the geometries of PCM units. Discussions centre on findings and recommendations from earlier research. According to the outcome of this work, the solidification enhancement of PCM suggests plans for further research initiatives.