Hybrid battery thermal management systems based on phase transition processes: A comprehensive review

The utilization of beneficial energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), has garnered significant attention worldwide due to the increasing energy consumption globally. In order to guarantee the safety and reliable performance of these batteries, it is vital to design a suitable battery thermal management system (BTMS). Among all the suggested methods, phase transition applications have shown great potential for controlling the thermal behavior of LIBs. Moreover, in recent years, hybrid battery thermal management systems (HBTMSs) with the combination of two or more active/passive methods have been introduced to either take advantage of the benefits of individual methods or reduce their disadvantages. These hybrid cooling systems result in a more efficient BTMS in comparison to a basic one, especially in severe conditions. The current study comprehensively reviews all kinds of phase transition-embedded HBTMSs, including at least one phase transition process integrated with other passive/active methods. In this regard, the combination of phase change materials (PCMs), different types of enhanced-PCMs, heat pipes (HPs), and boiling cooling with other BTMSs are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of various HBTMSs have been evaluated and summarized in each section. The categorized information and prospects can be utilized for designing cost-effective, high-efficiency, and more environmentally friendly HBTMSs. [Display omitted] •PCMs/enhanced-PCMs have combined with liquid-cooling more than other active methods.•PCMs embedded with fins have the best thermal performance among enhanced PCMs.•Integration of heat pipes and PCMs has shown great potential for temperature control.•Tubular and flat heat pipes are the most common types of heat pipes utilized in HBTMS.•Hybrid boiling cooling systems are reviewed for the first time.