Basics of Ankle Arthroscopy Part 5: Posterior Tibial Tendoscopy: Surface Anatomy, Portal Placement, and Diagnostic Evaluation

Posterior tibial tendoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the treatment of disorders of the posterior tibial tendon. In this article, the relevant surface anatomy, portal placement, and diagnostic tendoscopy are reviewed. We also compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks associated with performing this procedure using a 1.9-mm 0° needle endoscope compared with using a 2.7-mm or 4.0-mm 30° endoscope. [Display omitted]