Study of the influence of interface normal stresses on the bond behavior of FRCM composites using direct shear and modified beam tests

•FRCM composite bond behavior is affected by the presence of interface normal stress.•In modified beam tests the normal stress is directed against the matrix internal layer.•The normal stress increases the bond capacity of modified beam tests.•The effect of the normal stress is related to the specific FRCM composite. In the last decades, the increasing need for strengthening and retrofitting of existing masonry members has led the scientific community toward the development of innovative strengthening systems. Among these systems, inorganic-matrix composite materials have been gaining increasing popularity due to their effectiveness, relatively low cost, ease of the application, and reversibility of the intervention. Inorganic-matrix composites, usually referred to as fiber- (or fabric-) reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites, were successfully used as externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) of masonry members subjected to various load combinations. However, their effectiveness is strictly related to the FRCM-substrate bond behavior. Therefore, numerous set-ups were employed to investigate the bond properties of FRCM composites. Among them, single-lap direct shear test set-ups were the most commonly employed and are now recommended by available design guidelines for FRCM composites. In this paper, a modified beam (MB) test set-up is used to study the bond behavior of two different FRCM composites: a polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) FRCM and a carbon FRCM. The parameters studied are the dimensions of the blocks used in the MB tests and the presence of bare or embedded fibers at the gap between the blocks. The bond behavior observed is compared with that of single-lap direct shear tests of the same FRCM composites. The results obtained provide an insight on the influence of normal stress components at the matrix-fiber interface on the FRCM bond behavior, which may play an important role in the capacity of FRCM strengthened curved members.