Recent advances on nanostructured biomaterials in osteosarcoma treatment

•Various nanostructured biomaterials for the treatment of Osteosarcoma have been highlighted.•The biomaterials can be used as drug carriers or sensitizers for the treatment of Osteosarcoma.•Proposed challenges and opportunities for future treatment have been concluded and outlooked. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Conventional therapies include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which present many limitations, such as incomplete surgical resection, chemotherapy drug resistance, radiotherapy insensitivity, and postoperative bone defects. Nanoparticles have been widely used in the research of anti-osteosarcoma treatment due to their own specific physicochemical properties, supplemented by easy modification, targeting, and other characteristics. Nanoparticles can affect the growth of osteosarcoma cells in various ways, thereby inhibiting the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma. In this review, we briefly summarize the research progress of nanoparticles closely related to the treatment of osteosarcoma in recent years and describe the therapeutic strategies of nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss the perspective on the future development of Nano-based biomaterials for osteosarcoma treatment and the challenges for the clinical application.