Ocular Larva Migrans: A Severe Manifestation of an Unseen Epidemic

Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, which infect dogs and cats respectively, may cause infection in humans with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and morbidity. Prevalence studies have suggested more widespread affliction than indicated by level of awareness among clinicians in endemic areas. Transmission in the United States continues with seroprevalence estimates identified as high as 22 % in some low-income communities. Best known for causing hepatitis and pneumonitis associated with the syndrome called visceral larva migrans, toxocariasis can also cause debilitating vision loss via ocular larva migrans and is considered a cause of preventable vision loss. While not a common manifestation of toxocariasis, the severity of this condition and its predilection for affecting children warrants increased attention. Herein, we review current knowledge of ocular larva migrans epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.