Intranasal administration of an aronia extract and carrageenan nanocomposite for the prevention of influenza A H1N1 virus infection

Purpose In the present study, we describe an aronia extract (AE) and carrageenan (CGN) nanocomplex (ACNC) for intranasal administration that directly blocks and prevents viral infection in the respiratory tract. Methods To evaluate the characteristics of the ACNC, size measurements were performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Viscosity and pH evaluations at 4, 25, and 37 °C were performed. DPPH assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the ACNC. The antiviral efficacy of the ACNC was evaluated using viral plaque reduction assays in vitro. The inhibition of influenza A virus infection was evaluated by intranasal administration of the ACNC. Results The ACNC was manufactured by electrostatic interactions, and it maintained a stable state in 4, 25, and 37 °C. The viscosity of the ACNC increased with carrageenan concentration and temperature. The ACNC had a viscosity that allowed binding to nasal mucus and had a spray angle greater than 19°, resulting in an appropriate complex to be applied for nasal administration. The ACNC maintained the antioxidant and antiviral effects of AE and CGN, respectively. In particular, the ACNC exhibited 4.8-fold and 2.4-fold lower IC 50 and IC 90 concentrations than AE and CGN alone, respectively. The ACNC prevented influenza A virus infection by intranasal administration to the nasal cavity with 100% efficiency without weight loss. Conclusion Because the antiviral effect of this type of nanocomposite is not affected by the modification of the viral structure, it is a potential method for the prevention of various viral infections.