The impact of TiO2 on physical, optical characteristics and shielding qualities against γ-ray features of titanium bismo-borate glasses

In this study, the role of TiO 2 on the physica, and optical properties as well as the γ -ray protection features of a set of six glass samples with the chemical formula (65-X)B 2 O 3 –15BaO–5Bi 2 O 3 –15ZnO–XTiO 2 , where X = 0–10 mol% in the step of 2% have been investigated. The density ( ρ ) increased gradually from 3.70 to 3.93 g/cm 3 and the molar volume (V m ) reduced from 27.71 to 26.72 cm 3 /mol as the TiO 2 content increased from 0 to 10 mol%. By the inclusion of TiO 2 in the glass networks, some absorption bands in the ultraviolet and visible regions are formed. Values of the indirect optical band gaps (E g ) were 2.550, 2.510, 2.470, 2.370, 2.270, and 2.180 eV for Ti-0.0, Ti-2.0, Ti-4.0, Ti-6.0, Ti-8.0, and Ti-10.0 glasses, respectively. The linear refractive index (n 0 ) calculated values varied from 2.515 to 2.631. The linear-attenuation coefficient ( μ ) followed the order: Ti-0.0