Enhanced Efficiency of Thin‐Film Solar Cells via Cation‐Substituted Kesterite Absorber Layers and Nontoxic Buffers: A Numerical Study

Herein, the 1D Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator software is used to perform numerical analysis of thin‐film solar cells with Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , Cu 2 BaSnS 4 , Cu 2 FeSnS 4 , and Cu 2 MnSnS 4 absorber layers. The main goal is to investigate the impact of parameters, such as absorber layer thickness, acceptor density, buffer layer, bandgap, and donor density, on the efficiency of these solar cells. The absorber layer investigation entails varying the thickness and the acceptor density to evaluate their influence on the efficiency of the solar cell. A new zinc oxide sulfide (Zn(O,S)) buffer layer is also introduced instead of the conventional cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer. The Zn(O,S) bandgap and its donor density, which are investigated in terms of how they affect the efficiency of the solar cells, have been varied. The optimal values for the thickness of the absorber layer, acceptor density, and the bandgap of the buffer layer are calculated. Subsequently, the donor density is evaluated to find any potential defects that may affect the efficiency of the solar cell. These results confirm that Zn(O,S) can be utilized as a buffer layer. This study concludes that Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , Cu 2 BaSnS 4 , and Cu 2 MnSnS 4 absorber layers have superior efficiency in comparison with Cu 2 FeSnS 4 .