Fly ash disposal and utilization

This paper presents a general review on the problem of the so‐called ‘fly ash’ deriving from the combustion of fossil coal for energy production. Preliminary information is given on the actual coal consumption for the aforesaid purpose as well as on the corresponding fly ash generation, with further regard to its average composition and other characteristics. Some further considerations on the main environmental problems, due to the present amount of fly ash to dispose of, are also developed. The main solutions to the problems are then examined and discussed, with particular reference to disposal as well as to civil engineering, technological, industrial, agricultural, environmental and biological applications of fly ash.