Populism unrestrained: Policy responses of the Orbán regime to the pandemic in 2020–2021

The paper provides a case study on how the Orbán regime in Hungary has dealt with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in 2020–2021. Despite having led worldwide rankings in pandemic‐related death rates since the second part of 2020, the government was not politically shaken by COVID‐19. Institutiona...

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Veröffentlicht in:European policy analysis 2022-09, Vol.8 (3), p.277-296
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description The paper provides a case study on how the Orbán regime in Hungary has dealt with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in 2020–2021. Despite having led worldwide rankings in pandemic‐related death rates since the second part of 2020, the government was not politically shaken by COVID‐19. Institutionally unrestrained, the governing majority periodically renewed emergency legal regimes to control public discourses and curtail the financial resources of opposition‐led local governments. The policy conduct of the regime is discussed in the context of authoritarian populism, which is conceptualized along a strategy‐based approach to populism. In this, authoritarian populism is seen to generate democratic legitimacy for dismantling the institutional foundations of liberal democracy and the rule of law. This had been happening in Hungary well before COVID‐19 kicked in, but the pandemic provided enhanced opportunities for this strategy. Meanwhile, fiscal policies became increasingly expansionary, signalling a partial return to the practice of preelection overspending. 摘要 本文就匈牙利欧尔班政权如何在2020‐2021年应对2019冠状病毒病(COVID‐19)一事进行了案例研究。尽管自2020年下半年以来匈牙利政府在大流行相关的死亡率方面一直处于全球领先位置,但该政府并未因COVID‐19而出现政治动荡。由于在制度上不受约束,多数执政人士定期更新紧急法律制度,以控制公共话语并削减反对派地方政府的财政资源。在威权民粹主义(authoritarian populism)情境下讨论了该政权的政策行为,这种民粹主义是通过基于战略的民粹主义方法加以概念化的。在这方面可以看出,威权民粹主义为废除自由民主和法治的制度基础提供了民主合法性。这早在COVID‐19出现之前就已经在匈牙利发生了,但大流行为该战略提供了更多的机会。与此同时,财政政策变得越来越具有扩张性,表明了选举前的超支实践出现部分回归。 Resumen El documento proporciona un estudio de caso sobre cómo el régimen de Orbán en Hungría ha enfrentado el COVID‐19 en 2020‐2021. A pesar de haber liderado las clasificaciones mundiales en tasas de mortalidad relacionadas con la pandemia desde la segunda mitad de 2020, el gobierno no se vio afectado políticamente por la COVID‐19. Sin restricciones institucionales, la mayoría gobernante renovó periódicamente los regímenes legales de emergencia para controlar los discursos públicos y restringir los recursos financieros de los gobiernos locales liderados por la oposición. La conducta política del régimen se analiza en el contexto del populismo autoritario que se conceptualiza a lo largo de un enfoque del populismo basado en la estrategia. En esto, se considera que el populismo autoritario genera legitimidad democrática para desmantelar los cimientos institucionales de la democracia liberal y el estado de derecho. Esto había estado sucediendo en Hungría mucho antes de que apareciera el COVID‐19, pero la pandemia brindó mejores oportunidades
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Despite having led worldwide rankings in pandemic‐related death rates since the second part of 2020, the government was not politically shaken by COVID‐19. Institutionally unrestrained, the governing majority periodically renewed emergency legal regimes to control public discourses and curtail the financial resources of opposition‐led local governments. The policy conduct of the regime is discussed in the context of authoritarian populism, which is conceptualized along a strategy‐based approach to populism. In this, authoritarian populism is seen to generate democratic legitimacy for dismantling the institutional foundations of liberal democracy and the rule of law. This had been happening in Hungary well before COVID‐19 kicked in, but the pandemic provided enhanced opportunities for this strategy. Meanwhile, fiscal policies became increasingly expansionary, signalling a partial return to the practice of preelection overspending. 摘要 本文就匈牙利欧尔班政权如何在2020‐2021年应对2019冠状病毒病(COVID‐19)一事进行了案例研究。尽管自2020年下半年以来匈牙利政府在大流行相关的死亡率方面一直处于全球领先位置,但该政府并未因COVID‐19而出现政治动荡。由于在制度上不受约束,多数执政人士定期更新紧急法律制度,以控制公共话语并削减反对派地方政府的财政资源。在威权民粹主义(authoritarian populism)情境下讨论了该政权的政策行为,这种民粹主义是通过基于战略的民粹主义方法加以概念化的。在这方面可以看出,威权民粹主义为废除自由民主和法治的制度基础提供了民主合法性。这早在COVID‐19出现之前就已经在匈牙利发生了,但大流行为该战略提供了更多的机会。与此同时,财政政策变得越来越具有扩张性,表明了选举前的超支实践出现部分回归。 Resumen El documento proporciona un estudio de caso sobre cómo el régimen de Orbán en Hungría ha enfrentado el COVID‐19 en 2020‐2021. A pesar de haber liderado las clasificaciones mundiales en tasas de mortalidad relacionadas con la pandemia desde la segunda mitad de 2020, el gobierno no se vio afectado políticamente por la COVID‐19. Sin restricciones institucionales, la mayoría gobernante renovó periódicamente los regímenes legales de emergencia para controlar los discursos públicos y restringir los recursos financieros de los gobiernos locales liderados por la oposición. La conducta política del régimen se analiza en el contexto del populismo autoritario que se conceptualiza a lo largo de un enfoque del populismo basado en la estrategia. En esto, se considera que el populismo autoritario genera legitimidad democrática para desmantelar los cimientos institucionales de la democracia liberal y el estado de derecho. Esto había estado sucediendo en Hungría mucho antes de que apareciera el COVID‐19, pero la pandemia brindó mejores oportunidades para esta estrategia. 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Despite having led worldwide rankings in pandemic‐related death rates since the second part of 2020, the government was not politically shaken by COVID‐19. Institutionally unrestrained, the governing majority periodically renewed emergency legal regimes to control public discourses and curtail the financial resources of opposition‐led local governments. The policy conduct of the regime is discussed in the context of authoritarian populism, which is conceptualized along a strategy‐based approach to populism. In this, authoritarian populism is seen to generate democratic legitimacy for dismantling the institutional foundations of liberal democracy and the rule of law. This had been happening in Hungary well before COVID‐19 kicked in, but the pandemic provided enhanced opportunities for this strategy. Meanwhile, fiscal policies became increasingly expansionary, signalling a partial return to the practice of preelection overspending. 摘要 本文就匈牙利欧尔班政权如何在2020‐2021年应对2019冠状病毒病(COVID‐19)一事进行了案例研究。尽管自2020年下半年以来匈牙利政府在大流行相关的死亡率方面一直处于全球领先位置,但该政府并未因COVID‐19而出现政治动荡。由于在制度上不受约束,多数执政人士定期更新紧急法律制度,以控制公共话语并削减反对派地方政府的财政资源。在威权民粹主义(authoritarian populism)情境下讨论了该政权的政策行为,这种民粹主义是通过基于战略的民粹主义方法加以概念化的。在这方面可以看出,威权民粹主义为废除自由民主和法治的制度基础提供了民主合法性。这早在COVID‐19出现之前就已经在匈牙利发生了,但大流行为该战略提供了更多的机会。与此同时,财政政策变得越来越具有扩张性,表明了选举前的超支实践出现部分回归。 Resumen El documento proporciona un estudio de caso sobre cómo el régimen de Orbán en Hungría ha enfrentado el COVID‐19 en 2020‐2021. A pesar de haber liderado las clasificaciones mundiales en tasas de mortalidad relacionadas con la pandemia desde la segunda mitad de 2020, el gobierno no se vio afectado políticamente por la COVID‐19. Sin restricciones institucionales, la mayoría gobernante renovó periódicamente los regímenes legales de emergencia para controlar los discursos públicos y restringir los recursos financieros de los gobiernos locales liderados por la oposición. La conducta política del régimen se analiza en el contexto del populismo autoritario que se conceptualiza a lo largo de un enfoque del populismo basado en la estrategia. En esto, se considera que el populismo autoritario genera legitimidad democrática para desmantelar los cimientos institucionales de la democracia liberal y el estado de derecho. Esto había estado sucediendo en Hungría mucho antes de que apareciera el COVID‐19, pero la pandemia brindó mejores oportunidades para esta estrategia. Mientras tanto, las políticas fiscales se volvieron cada vez más expansivas, lo que indica un retorno parcial a la práctica de gasto excesivo preelectoral.</description><subject>2019冠状病毒病</subject><subject>authoritarian populism</subject><subject>COVID‐19</subject><subject>economic policy</subject><subject>fiscal policy</subject><subject>Hungary</subject><subject>Hungría</subject><subject>política económica</subject><subject>política fiscal</subject><subject>populismo autoritario</subject><subject>Viktor Orbán</subject><subject>匈牙利</subject><subject>威权民粹主义</subject><subject>经济政策</subject><subject>维克多·欧尔班</subject><subject>财政政策</subject><issn>2380-6567</issn><issn>2380-6567</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kDtOAzEQhi0EElFIwQ3cUmziGa_XXrooCg8pUlJARbHa9dpgtC_ZiVA67sAJOAs34STsJhQ0VP_Mp2-m-Am5BDYFxnBmuhynAEKekBFyxaJEJPL0z3xOJiG8MsZAAUguR-Rp03a7yoWa7hpvwtbnrjHlNd20ldN72qOubYIJtLV0-2Lo2hdfn03Pn11t6LY9wC5vSlM7TV1DkSH7fv_oAy7Imc2rYCa_OSaPN8uHxV20Wt_eL-arSHMWy0gUaAvJwQIzUPA8lQLTErkGVKUusVAiVUnKQMeorMV-sRJR8xiEToTiY3J1_Kt9G4I3Nuu8q3O_z4BlQzHZUEw2FNO7s6P75iqz_1_Mlps5Hi5-AEDyY_I</recordid><startdate>20220901</startdate><enddate>20220901</enddate><creator>Ádám, Zoltán</creator><creator>Csaba, Iván</creator><scope>24P</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-5836</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220901</creationdate><title>Populism unrestrained: Policy responses of the Orbán regime to the pandemic in 2020–2021</title><author>Ádám, Zoltán ; Csaba, Iván</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3047-5b2fb731f10e1b3a97529d23c128dcd2b85986901c428ff2986f722c3415c6583</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>2019冠状病毒病</topic><topic>authoritarian populism</topic><topic>COVID‐19</topic><topic>economic policy</topic><topic>fiscal policy</topic><topic>Hungary</topic><topic>Hungría</topic><topic>política económica</topic><topic>política fiscal</topic><topic>populismo autoritario</topic><topic>Viktor Orbán</topic><topic>匈牙利</topic><topic>威权民粹主义</topic><topic>经济政策</topic><topic>维克多·欧尔班</topic><topic>财政政策</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ádám, Zoltán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Csaba, Iván</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>European policy analysis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ádám, Zoltán</au><au>Csaba, Iván</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Populism unrestrained: Policy responses of the Orbán regime to the pandemic in 2020–2021</atitle><jtitle>European policy analysis</jtitle><date>2022-09-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>277</spage><epage>296</epage><pages>277-296</pages><issn>2380-6567</issn><eissn>2380-6567</eissn><abstract>The paper provides a case study on how the Orbán regime in Hungary has dealt with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in 2020–2021. Despite having led worldwide rankings in pandemic‐related death rates since the second part of 2020, the government was not politically shaken by COVID‐19. Institutionally unrestrained, the governing majority periodically renewed emergency legal regimes to control public discourses and curtail the financial resources of opposition‐led local governments. The policy conduct of the regime is discussed in the context of authoritarian populism, which is conceptualized along a strategy‐based approach to populism. In this, authoritarian populism is seen to generate democratic legitimacy for dismantling the institutional foundations of liberal democracy and the rule of law. This had been happening in Hungary well before COVID‐19 kicked in, but the pandemic provided enhanced opportunities for this strategy. Meanwhile, fiscal policies became increasingly expansionary, signalling a partial return to the practice of preelection overspending. 摘要 本文就匈牙利欧尔班政权如何在2020‐2021年应对2019冠状病毒病(COVID‐19)一事进行了案例研究。尽管自2020年下半年以来匈牙利政府在大流行相关的死亡率方面一直处于全球领先位置,但该政府并未因COVID‐19而出现政治动荡。由于在制度上不受约束,多数执政人士定期更新紧急法律制度,以控制公共话语并削减反对派地方政府的财政资源。在威权民粹主义(authoritarian populism)情境下讨论了该政权的政策行为,这种民粹主义是通过基于战略的民粹主义方法加以概念化的。在这方面可以看出,威权民粹主义为废除自由民主和法治的制度基础提供了民主合法性。这早在COVID‐19出现之前就已经在匈牙利发生了,但大流行为该战略提供了更多的机会。与此同时,财政政策变得越来越具有扩张性,表明了选举前的超支实践出现部分回归。 Resumen El documento proporciona un estudio de caso sobre cómo el régimen de Orbán en Hungría ha enfrentado el COVID‐19 en 2020‐2021. A pesar de haber liderado las clasificaciones mundiales en tasas de mortalidad relacionadas con la pandemia desde la segunda mitad de 2020, el gobierno no se vio afectado políticamente por la COVID‐19. Sin restricciones institucionales, la mayoría gobernante renovó periódicamente los regímenes legales de emergencia para controlar los discursos públicos y restringir los recursos financieros de los gobiernos locales liderados por la oposición. La conducta política del régimen se analiza en el contexto del populismo autoritario que se conceptualiza a lo largo de un enfoque del populismo basado en la estrategia. En esto, se considera que el populismo autoritario genera legitimidad democrática para desmantelar los cimientos institucionales de la democracia liberal y el estado de derecho. Esto había estado sucediendo en Hungría mucho antes de que apareciera el COVID‐19, pero la pandemia brindó mejores oportunidades para esta estrategia. Mientras tanto, las políticas fiscales se volvieron cada vez más expansivas, lo que indica un retorno parcial a la práctica de gasto excesivo preelectoral.</abstract><doi>10.1002/epa2.1157</doi><tpages>20</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-5836</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects 2019冠状病毒病
authoritarian populism
COVID‐19
economic policy
fiscal policy
Hungary
Hungría
política económica
política fiscal
populismo autoritario
Viktor Orbán
匈牙利
威权民粹主义
经济政策
维克多·欧尔班
财政政策
title Populism unrestrained: Policy responses of the Orbán regime to the pandemic in 2020–2021
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