Risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Objective The risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) associated with thrombolytic treatment has not been evaluated in large studies using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Here, we investigated the relation between pretreatment DWI lesion size and the risk for sICH after thrombolysis....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of neurology 2008-01, Vol.63 (1), p.52-60 |
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| container_title | Annals of neurology |
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| creator | Singer, Oliver C. Humpich, Marek C. Fiehler, Jens Albers, Gregory W. Lansberg, Maarten G. Kastrup, Andiras Rovira, Alex Liebeskind, David S. Gass, Achim Rosso, Charlotte Derex, Laurent Kim, Jong S. Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias |
| description | Objective
The risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) associated with thrombolytic treatment has not been evaluated in large studies using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Here, we investigated the relation between pretreatment DWI lesion size and the risk for sICH after thrombolysis.
Methods
In this retrospective multicenter study, prospectively collected data from 645 patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis within 6 hours (100ml; n = 56) DWI lesions.
Results
In total, 44 (6.8%) patients experienced development of sICH. The sICH rate was significantly different between subgroups: 2.8, 7.8, and 16.1% in patients with small, moderate, and large DWI lesions, respectively (p < 0.05). This translates to a 5.8 (2.8)‐fold greater sICH risk for patients with large DWI lesions as compared with patients with small (or moderate) DWI lesions. The results were similar in the large subgroup (n = 536) of patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. DWI lesion size remained an independent risk factor when including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, age, time to thrombolysis, and leukoariosis in a logistic regression analysis.
Interpretation
This multicenter study provides estimates of sICH risk in potential candidates for thrombolysis. The sICH risk increases gradually with increasing DWI lesion size, indicating that the potential benefit of therapy needs to be balanced carefully against the risk for sICH, especially in patients with large DWI lesions. Ann Neurol 2007 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ana.21222 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>wiley_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_21222</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>ANA21222</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4922-85d672eb051a430229b2848ab56baf0dcb33dd5fd5f0e1f143ca6fd4b54cc0443</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kEtrFEEUhQtRzCS68A9IbbLIopNbr66e5RhiIoSIoghuilvVVTNl-jFUdYidX2_FGZOVcODC5Tv3cQh5x-CUAfAzHPCUM875C7JgSrCq4XL5kixA1LJSTMgDcpjzLwBY1gxekwOmm6YYYUEevsZ8S8OYaJ777TT2OEVH4zAldD55m7CjG9-PKW1w7SmGySc6bdLY27Gbc8wUc_ZFLbUzbWMIdzmOQ3Xv43ozlW6P68E_zkw-jwMOztNYenFYvyGvAnbZv93XI_L948W386vq-vPlp_PVdeXkkvOqUW2tubegGEoBnC8tb2SDVtUWA7TOCtG2KhSBZ4FJ4bAOrbRKOgdSiiNyspvr0phz8sFsUzkhzYaBeczPlPzM3_wK-37Hbu9s79tnch9YAY73AGaHXUjlo5ifOA6gtQZVuLMddx87P_9_o1ndrP6trnaOmCf_-8mB6dbUWmhlftxcGq2_yKsPQpmf4g8uDpkT</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Singer, Oliver C. ; Humpich, Marek C. ; Fiehler, Jens ; Albers, Gregory W. ; Lansberg, Maarten G. ; Kastrup, Andiras ; Rovira, Alex ; Liebeskind, David S. ; Gass, Achim ; Rosso, Charlotte ; Derex, Laurent ; Kim, Jong S. ; Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias</creator><creatorcontrib>Singer, Oliver C. ; Humpich, Marek C. ; Fiehler, Jens ; Albers, Gregory W. ; Lansberg, Maarten G. ; Kastrup, Andiras ; Rovira, Alex ; Liebeskind, David S. ; Gass, Achim ; Rosso, Charlotte ; Derex, Laurent ; Kim, Jong S. ; Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias ; MR Stroke Study Group Investigators</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
The risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) associated with thrombolytic treatment has not been evaluated in large studies using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Here, we investigated the relation between pretreatment DWI lesion size and the risk for sICH after thrombolysis.
Methods
In this retrospective multicenter study, prospectively collected data from 645 patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis within 6 hours (<3 hours: n = 320) after symptom onset were pooled. Patients were categorized according to the pretreatment DWI lesion size into three prespecified groups: small (≤10ml; n = 218), moderate (10–100ml; n = 371), and large (>100ml; n = 56) DWI lesions.
Results
In total, 44 (6.8%) patients experienced development of sICH. The sICH rate was significantly different between subgroups: 2.8, 7.8, and 16.1% in patients with small, moderate, and large DWI lesions, respectively (p < 0.05). This translates to a 5.8 (2.8)‐fold greater sICH risk for patients with large DWI lesions as compared with patients with small (or moderate) DWI lesions. The results were similar in the large subgroup (n = 536) of patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. DWI lesion size remained an independent risk factor when including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, age, time to thrombolysis, and leukoariosis in a logistic regression analysis.
Interpretation
This multicenter study provides estimates of sICH risk in potential candidates for thrombolysis. The sICH risk increases gradually with increasing DWI lesion size, indicating that the potential benefit of therapy needs to be balanced carefully against the risk for sICH, especially in patients with large DWI lesions. Ann Neurol 2007</description><identifier>ISSN: 0364-5134</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1531-8249</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ana.21222</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17880020</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ANNED3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain Infarction - drug therapy ; Brain Ischemia - complications ; Brain Ischemia - pathology ; Brain Ischemia - physiopathology ; Cerebral Arteries - drug effects ; Cerebral Arteries - pathology ; Cerebral Arteries - physiopathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage - chemically induced ; Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage - physiopathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation - drug effects ; Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects ; Humans ; Intracranial Thrombosis - drug therapy ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Leukoaraiosis - chemically induced ; Leukoaraiosis - pathology ; Leukoaraiosis - physiopathology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - drug effects ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - pathology ; Nervous system ; Neurology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Thrombolytic Therapy - adverse effects</subject><ispartof>Annals of neurology, 2008-01, Vol.63 (1), p.52-60</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 American Neurological Association</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4922-85d672eb051a430229b2848ab56baf0dcb33dd5fd5f0e1f143ca6fd4b54cc0443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4922-85d672eb051a430229b2848ab56baf0dcb33dd5fd5f0e1f143ca6fd4b54cc0443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fana.21222$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fana.21222$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20077705$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17880020$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Singer, Oliver C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Humpich, Marek C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiehler, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albers, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lansberg, Maarten G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kastrup, Andiras</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rovira, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liebeskind, David S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gass, Achim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosso, Charlotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derex, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jong S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MR Stroke Study Group Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging</title><title>Annals of neurology</title><addtitle>Ann Neurol</addtitle><description>Objective
The risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) associated with thrombolytic treatment has not been evaluated in large studies using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Here, we investigated the relation between pretreatment DWI lesion size and the risk for sICH after thrombolysis.
Methods
In this retrospective multicenter study, prospectively collected data from 645 patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis within 6 hours (<3 hours: n = 320) after symptom onset were pooled. Patients were categorized according to the pretreatment DWI lesion size into three prespecified groups: small (≤10ml; n = 218), moderate (10–100ml; n = 371), and large (>100ml; n = 56) DWI lesions.
Results
In total, 44 (6.8%) patients experienced development of sICH. The sICH rate was significantly different between subgroups: 2.8, 7.8, and 16.1% in patients with small, moderate, and large DWI lesions, respectively (p < 0.05). This translates to a 5.8 (2.8)‐fold greater sICH risk for patients with large DWI lesions as compared with patients with small (or moderate) DWI lesions. The results were similar in the large subgroup (n = 536) of patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. DWI lesion size remained an independent risk factor when including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, age, time to thrombolysis, and leukoariosis in a logistic regression analysis.
Interpretation
This multicenter study provides estimates of sICH risk in potential candidates for thrombolysis. The sICH risk increases gradually with increasing DWI lesion size, indicating that the potential benefit of therapy needs to be balanced carefully against the risk for sICH, especially in patients with large DWI lesions. Ann Neurol 2007</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain Infarction - drug therapy</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - complications</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - pathology</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Arteries - drug effects</subject><subject>Cerebral Arteries - pathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Arteries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Hemorrhage - chemically induced</subject><subject>Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Hemorrhage - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology</subject><subject>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intracranial Thrombosis - drug therapy</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Leukoaraiosis - chemically induced</subject><subject>Leukoaraiosis - pathology</subject><subject>Leukoaraiosis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - drug effects</subject><subject>Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - pathology</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Thrombolytic Therapy - adverse effects</subject><issn>0364-5134</issn><issn>1531-8249</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtrFEEUhQtRzCS68A9IbbLIopNbr66e5RhiIoSIoghuilvVVTNl-jFUdYidX2_FGZOVcODC5Tv3cQh5x-CUAfAzHPCUM875C7JgSrCq4XL5kixA1LJSTMgDcpjzLwBY1gxekwOmm6YYYUEevsZ8S8OYaJ777TT2OEVH4zAldD55m7CjG9-PKW1w7SmGySc6bdLY27Gbc8wUc_ZFLbUzbWMIdzmOQ3Xv43ozlW6P68E_zkw-jwMOztNYenFYvyGvAnbZv93XI_L948W386vq-vPlp_PVdeXkkvOqUW2tubegGEoBnC8tb2SDVtUWA7TOCtG2KhSBZ4FJ4bAOrbRKOgdSiiNyspvr0phz8sFsUzkhzYaBeczPlPzM3_wK-37Hbu9s79tnch9YAY73AGaHXUjlo5ifOA6gtQZVuLMddx87P_9_o1ndrP6trnaOmCf_-8mB6dbUWmhlftxcGq2_yKsPQpmf4g8uDpkT</recordid><startdate>200801</startdate><enddate>200801</enddate><creator>Singer, Oliver C.</creator><creator>Humpich, Marek C.</creator><creator>Fiehler, Jens</creator><creator>Albers, Gregory W.</creator><creator>Lansberg, Maarten G.</creator><creator>Kastrup, Andiras</creator><creator>Rovira, Alex</creator><creator>Liebeskind, David S.</creator><creator>Gass, Achim</creator><creator>Rosso, Charlotte</creator><creator>Derex, Laurent</creator><creator>Kim, Jong S.</creator><creator>Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Willey-Liss</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200801</creationdate><title>Risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging</title><author>Singer, Oliver C. ; Humpich, Marek C. ; Fiehler, Jens ; Albers, Gregory W. ; Lansberg, Maarten G. ; Kastrup, Andiras ; Rovira, Alex ; Liebeskind, David S. ; Gass, Achim ; Rosso, Charlotte ; Derex, Laurent ; Kim, Jong S. ; Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4922-85d672eb051a430229b2848ab56baf0dcb33dd5fd5f0e1f143ca6fd4b54cc0443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain Infarction - drug therapy</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - complications</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - pathology</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Arteries - drug effects</topic><topic>Cerebral Arteries - pathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Arteries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Hemorrhage - chemically induced</topic><topic>Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Hemorrhage - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Circulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology</topic><topic>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intracranial Thrombosis - drug therapy</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Leukoaraiosis - chemically induced</topic><topic>Leukoaraiosis - pathology</topic><topic>Leukoaraiosis - physiopathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - drug effects</topic><topic>Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - pathology</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Thrombolytic Therapy - adverse effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Singer, Oliver C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Humpich, Marek C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiehler, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albers, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lansberg, Maarten G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kastrup, Andiras</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rovira, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liebeskind, David S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gass, Achim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosso, Charlotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derex, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jong S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MR Stroke Study Group Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Annals of neurology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Singer, Oliver C.</au><au>Humpich, Marek C.</au><au>Fiehler, Jens</au><au>Albers, Gregory W.</au><au>Lansberg, Maarten G.</au><au>Kastrup, Andiras</au><au>Rovira, Alex</au><au>Liebeskind, David S.</au><au>Gass, Achim</au><au>Rosso, Charlotte</au><au>Derex, Laurent</au><au>Kim, Jong S.</au><au>Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias</au><aucorp>MR Stroke Study Group Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging</atitle><jtitle>Annals of neurology</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Neurol</addtitle><date>2008-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>52</spage><epage>60</epage><pages>52-60</pages><issn>0364-5134</issn><eissn>1531-8249</eissn><coden>ANNED3</coden><abstract>Objective
The risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) associated with thrombolytic treatment has not been evaluated in large studies using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Here, we investigated the relation between pretreatment DWI lesion size and the risk for sICH after thrombolysis.
Methods
In this retrospective multicenter study, prospectively collected data from 645 patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis within 6 hours (<3 hours: n = 320) after symptom onset were pooled. Patients were categorized according to the pretreatment DWI lesion size into three prespecified groups: small (≤10ml; n = 218), moderate (10–100ml; n = 371), and large (>100ml; n = 56) DWI lesions.
Results
In total, 44 (6.8%) patients experienced development of sICH. The sICH rate was significantly different between subgroups: 2.8, 7.8, and 16.1% in patients with small, moderate, and large DWI lesions, respectively (p < 0.05). This translates to a 5.8 (2.8)‐fold greater sICH risk for patients with large DWI lesions as compared with patients with small (or moderate) DWI lesions. The results were similar in the large subgroup (n = 536) of patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. DWI lesion size remained an independent risk factor when including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, age, time to thrombolysis, and leukoariosis in a logistic regression analysis.
Interpretation
This multicenter study provides estimates of sICH risk in potential candidates for thrombolysis. The sICH risk increases gradually with increasing DWI lesion size, indicating that the potential benefit of therapy needs to be balanced carefully against the risk for sICH, especially in patients with large DWI lesions. Ann Neurol 2007</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>17880020</pmid><doi>10.1002/ana.21222</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Annals of neurology, 2008-01, Vol.63 (1), p.52-60 |
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| subjects | Aged Biological and medical sciences Brain Infarction - drug therapy Brain Ischemia - complications Brain Ischemia - pathology Brain Ischemia - physiopathology Cerebral Arteries - drug effects Cerebral Arteries - pathology Cerebral Arteries - physiopathology Cerebral Hemorrhage - chemically induced Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology Cerebral Hemorrhage - physiopathology Cerebrovascular Circulation - drug effects Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Female Fibrinolytic Agents - adverse effects Humans Intracranial Thrombosis - drug therapy Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Leukoaraiosis - chemically induced Leukoaraiosis - pathology Leukoaraiosis - physiopathology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - drug effects Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - pathology Nervous system Neurology Predictive Value of Tests Prospective Studies Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment Risk Factors Severity of Illness Index Thrombolytic Therapy - adverse effects |
| title | Risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging |
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