Systematic review on computerized cognitive training (CCT) for older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Background With rapid advances in technology, computerized cognitive training (CCT) is being widely used for cognitive training (CT) in elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) aiming to preserve cognitive functioning. Various training protocols are developed with different levels of effectiveness. Therefore, this review aims at evaluating the effectiveness of CCT on cognitive and non‐cognitive domains, including mood condition and ADL performance, among elderly with MCI; examining the efficacy of multi‐model CCT and determining whether it is more superior than the single‐model ones; comparing CCT and traditional CT; and providing recommendations for future studies. Method Literature searches were conducted following PRISMA guidelines with the following criteria: participants with mean age greater than 58 and with a diagnosis of MCI. Fifteen studies that were conducted in the past ten years met the criteria with an average PEDro score of 7.2. Result There was a considerable variation in study design, training content, and technologies used. The major types of technologies used include computerized software, tablets, and gaming consoles. CCT was able to bring a positive effect with a small effect size on global cognition in 7 out of 10 studies and on memory in all of the ten studies that evaluated it, significant effect with a large effect size on attention in 5 out of 6 studies and on executive function in 6 out of 12 studies. Some CCT improved mood and activity of daily livings. Conclusion CCT showed promising effect in improving cognitive function and mood among elderly with MCI, however, different level of effectiveness on ADL observed relating to inconsistent training content and associated protocols. Multi‐model CCT was shown to be more superior to single‐model or traditional CT. To maximize training effect and maintain the positive gains, CCT should be initiated before being diagnosed with dementia and incorporated into daily activities.