Prenatal smoke exposure alters growth in limb proportions and head shape in the midgestation human fetus

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of smoke exposure on the growth patterns of the head, limbs, and torso of the midgestation human fetus. Four hundred maternal/fetal pairs contributed to this analysis: 366 individuals were assessed cross‐sectionally (87 smokers and 279 nonsmoker...

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Veröffentlicht in:	American journal of human biology 2003-07, Vol.15 (4), p.533-546
Hauptverfasser:	Lampl, Michelle, Kuzawa, Christopher W., Jeanty, Philippe
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Anthropometry Cross-Sectional Studies Extremities - embryology Female Fetal Growth Retardation - chemically induced Fetus - drug effects Head - embryology Humans Hypoxia - chemically induced Maternal-Fetal Exchange - physiology Nicotine - toxicity Pregnancy Pregnancy Trimester, Second Reference Values Risk Factors Smoking - adverse effects Time Factors
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