Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System
ABSTRACT Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator...
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| creator | Thorstensen, Helene Ruus, Anders Helberg, Morten Bæk, Kine Enge, Ellen Katrin Borgå, Katrine |
| description | ABSTRACT
Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban‐influenced fjord, the Norwegian Oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein‐associated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), Hg, and dietary markers in blood (n = 15), and eggs (n = 15) between the herring gull and the strict marine‐feeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) in the breeding period of May 2017. Dietary markers showed that the herring gull was less representative of the marine food web than the common eider. We found higher concentrations of lipophilic OHCs (wet weight and lipid weight) and Hg (dry weight) in the blood of common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 210 ± 126 ng/g ww, 60 600 ± 28 300 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.94 ± 0.438 ng/g dw) than of the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 19.0 ± 15.6 ng/g ww, 1210 ± 1510 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.26 ± 0.438 ng/g dw). Eggs gave opposite results; higher wet weight and lipid weight OHC concentrations in the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 257 ± 203 ng/g ww, 3240 ± 2610 ng/g lw) than the common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 18.2 ± 20.8 ng/g ww, 101 ± 121 ng/g lw), resulting in higher OHC maternal transfer ratios in gulls than eiders. We suggest that the matrix differences are due to fasting during incubation in the common eider. We suggest that in urban areas, herring gull might not be representative as an indicator of marine contamination but rather urban contaminant exposure. The common eider is a better indicator of marine pollution in the Oslofjord. The results are influenced by the matrix choice, as breeding strategy affects lipid dynamics regarding the transfer of lipids and contaminants to eggs and remobilization of contaminants from lipids to blood during incubation, when blood is drawn from the mother. Our results illustrate the benefit of a multispecies approach for a thorough picture of contaminant status in urban marine ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:422–433. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
The common eider, a benthic midtrophic predator, represents marine contamination in the urban Oslofjord ma |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ieam.4340 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_crist</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_cristin_nora_10852_80779</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2488129139</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4120-a7efca54b5d99ef5e38a9d8331bd384fb93fa174ea6f89f2f1480bc95fe488423</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kMtOAyEUQInR-Kgu_AElceWiymscWJpabRMfC3VNmJlLpZkBhWlM_15qbXdugHBPTm4OQqeUXFFC2LUD010JLsgOOqRFQYe8VHx3-y7LA3SU0pwQwRln--iAM8VuCkYPURiFrgsej10DERvf4AnE6PwMPyzaFpuER8H3pnPe-B5PfeNq04eYcLD4zlkLEfL_uA5tmOVRi59d_QG_Y-Pxe6zyeT8PscGvy9RDd4z2rGkTnPzdA_R-P34bTYaPLw_T0e3jsBaUkaEpwdamEFXRKAW2AC6NaiTntGq4FLZS3BpaCjA3VirLLBWSVLUqLAgpBeMDdL721tGl3nntQzSaElkwLUmZ-wzQxZr4jOFrAanX87CIPi-lWXZQpihfUZcbT0gpgtWf0XUmLrNLr-LrVXy9ip_Zsz_jouqg2ZKb2hm4XgPfroXl_yY9Hd8-_Sp_AKfRjPg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2488129139</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Thorstensen, Helene ; Ruus, Anders ; Helberg, Morten ; Bæk, Kine ; Enge, Ellen Katrin ; Borgå, Katrine</creator><creatorcontrib>Thorstensen, Helene ; Ruus, Anders ; Helberg, Morten ; Bæk, Kine ; Enge, Ellen Katrin ; Borgå, Katrine</creatorcontrib><description>ABSTRACT
Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban‐influenced fjord, the Norwegian Oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein‐associated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), Hg, and dietary markers in blood (n = 15), and eggs (n = 15) between the herring gull and the strict marine‐feeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) in the breeding period of May 2017. Dietary markers showed that the herring gull was less representative of the marine food web than the common eider. We found higher concentrations of lipophilic OHCs (wet weight and lipid weight) and Hg (dry weight) in the blood of common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 210 ± 126 ng/g ww, 60 600 ± 28 300 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.94 ± 0.438 ng/g dw) than of the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 19.0 ± 15.6 ng/g ww, 1210 ± 1510 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.26 ± 0.438 ng/g dw). Eggs gave opposite results; higher wet weight and lipid weight OHC concentrations in the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 257 ± 203 ng/g ww, 3240 ± 2610 ng/g lw) than the common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 18.2 ± 20.8 ng/g ww, 101 ± 121 ng/g lw), resulting in higher OHC maternal transfer ratios in gulls than eiders. We suggest that the matrix differences are due to fasting during incubation in the common eider. We suggest that in urban areas, herring gull might not be representative as an indicator of marine contamination but rather urban contaminant exposure. The common eider is a better indicator of marine pollution in the Oslofjord. The results are influenced by the matrix choice, as breeding strategy affects lipid dynamics regarding the transfer of lipids and contaminants to eggs and remobilization of contaminants from lipids to blood during incubation, when blood is drawn from the mother. Our results illustrate the benefit of a multispecies approach for a thorough picture of contaminant status in urban marine ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:422–433. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
The common eider, a benthic midtrophic predator, represents marine contamination in the urban Oslofjord marine food web better than the opportunistic herring gull, but it cannot replace the gull as the indicator species.
The herring gull feeds from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources in addition to the marine food web, and it shows lower blood OHC concentrations than the common eider, but it is an interesting indicator species for the urban environment.
Egg‐to‐blood ratio OHC concentration ratios were >0 in the gull and <0 in the eider, likely resulting from remobilization of contaminants to the bloodstream during the incubation fast in eiders, providing challenges for interpreting results, and illustrating that the matrices should be used in combination.
There was no clear species difference in PFAS concentrations, with higher concentrations of PFDA, PFUdA, and PFHxS in the common eider, higher PFTrDA concentrations in the herring gull, and no difference between the species for PFOS and PFDoA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1551-3777</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1551-3793</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4340</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32926521</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Aquatic birds ; Blood ; Breeding ; Charadriiformes ; Common eider ; Contaminants ; Contamination ; Dry weight ; Ecological distribution ; Ecological niches ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem assessment ; Ecosystem management ; Eggs ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental Impact Assessment ; Environmental management ; Environmental Monitoring ; Estuaries ; Fjords ; Food chains ; Food contamination ; Food webs ; Herring gull ; Incubation ; Incubation period ; Indicators ; Integrated environmental assessment ; Larus argentatus ; Lipids ; Lipophilic ; Lipophilicity ; Marine ecosystems ; Marine fishes ; Marine pollution ; Markers ; Maternal transfer ; Mercury ; Mercury - analysis ; Niches ; PCB ; Persistent organic pollutants ; Pollution indicators ; Pollution monitoring ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Sea pollution ; Seabirds ; Somateria mollissima ; Toxicology ; Urban areas ; Weight ; Wet weight</subject><ispartof>Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2021-03, Vol.17 (2), p.422-433</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)</rights><rights>2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).</rights><rights>2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4120-a7efca54b5d99ef5e38a9d8331bd384fb93fa174ea6f89f2f1480bc95fe488423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4120-a7efca54b5d99ef5e38a9d8331bd384fb93fa174ea6f89f2f1480bc95fe488423</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8103-3263 ; 0000-0002-4374-7871</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fieam.4340$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fieam.4340$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,26546,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32926521$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Thorstensen, Helene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruus, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Helberg, Morten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bæk, Kine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enge, Ellen Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borgå, Katrine</creatorcontrib><title>Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System</title><title>Integrated environmental assessment and management</title><addtitle>Integr Environ Assess Manag</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban‐influenced fjord, the Norwegian Oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein‐associated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), Hg, and dietary markers in blood (n = 15), and eggs (n = 15) between the herring gull and the strict marine‐feeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) in the breeding period of May 2017. Dietary markers showed that the herring gull was less representative of the marine food web than the common eider. We found higher concentrations of lipophilic OHCs (wet weight and lipid weight) and Hg (dry weight) in the blood of common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 210 ± 126 ng/g ww, 60 600 ± 28 300 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.94 ± 0.438 ng/g dw) than of the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 19.0 ± 15.6 ng/g ww, 1210 ± 1510 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.26 ± 0.438 ng/g dw). Eggs gave opposite results; higher wet weight and lipid weight OHC concentrations in the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 257 ± 203 ng/g ww, 3240 ± 2610 ng/g lw) than the common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 18.2 ± 20.8 ng/g ww, 101 ± 121 ng/g lw), resulting in higher OHC maternal transfer ratios in gulls than eiders. We suggest that the matrix differences are due to fasting during incubation in the common eider. We suggest that in urban areas, herring gull might not be representative as an indicator of marine contamination but rather urban contaminant exposure. The common eider is a better indicator of marine pollution in the Oslofjord. The results are influenced by the matrix choice, as breeding strategy affects lipid dynamics regarding the transfer of lipids and contaminants to eggs and remobilization of contaminants from lipids to blood during incubation, when blood is drawn from the mother. Our results illustrate the benefit of a multispecies approach for a thorough picture of contaminant status in urban marine ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:422–433. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
The common eider, a benthic midtrophic predator, represents marine contamination in the urban Oslofjord marine food web better than the opportunistic herring gull, but it cannot replace the gull as the indicator species.
The herring gull feeds from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources in addition to the marine food web, and it shows lower blood OHC concentrations than the common eider, but it is an interesting indicator species for the urban environment.
Egg‐to‐blood ratio OHC concentration ratios were >0 in the gull and <0 in the eider, likely resulting from remobilization of contaminants to the bloodstream during the incubation fast in eiders, providing challenges for interpreting results, and illustrating that the matrices should be used in combination.
There was no clear species difference in PFAS concentrations, with higher concentrations of PFDA, PFUdA, and PFHxS in the common eider, higher PFTrDA concentrations in the herring gull, and no difference between the species for PFOS and PFDoA.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic birds</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Charadriiformes</subject><subject>Common eider</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Dry weight</subject><subject>Ecological distribution</subject><subject>Ecological niches</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystem assessment</subject><subject>Ecosystem management</subject><subject>Eggs</subject><subject>Environmental assessment</subject><subject>Environmental Impact Assessment</subject><subject>Environmental management</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>Fjords</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food webs</subject><subject>Herring gull</subject><subject>Incubation</subject><subject>Incubation period</subject><subject>Indicators</subject><subject>Integrated environmental assessment</subject><subject>Larus argentatus</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipophilic</subject><subject>Lipophilicity</subject><subject>Marine ecosystems</subject><subject>Marine fishes</subject><subject>Marine pollution</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Maternal transfer</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury - analysis</subject><subject>Niches</subject><subject>PCB</subject><subject>Persistent organic pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution indicators</subject><subject>Pollution monitoring</subject><subject>Polychlorinated biphenyls</subject><subject>Sea pollution</subject><subject>Seabirds</subject><subject>Somateria mollissima</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Weight</subject><subject>Wet weight</subject><issn>1551-3777</issn><issn>1551-3793</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>3HK</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMtOAyEUQInR-Kgu_AElceWiymscWJpabRMfC3VNmJlLpZkBhWlM_15qbXdugHBPTm4OQqeUXFFC2LUD010JLsgOOqRFQYe8VHx3-y7LA3SU0pwQwRln--iAM8VuCkYPURiFrgsej10DERvf4AnE6PwMPyzaFpuER8H3pnPe-B5PfeNq04eYcLD4zlkLEfL_uA5tmOVRi59d_QG_Y-Pxe6zyeT8PscGvy9RDd4z2rGkTnPzdA_R-P34bTYaPLw_T0e3jsBaUkaEpwdamEFXRKAW2AC6NaiTntGq4FLZS3BpaCjA3VirLLBWSVLUqLAgpBeMDdL721tGl3nntQzSaElkwLUmZ-wzQxZr4jOFrAanX87CIPi-lWXZQpihfUZcbT0gpgtWf0XUmLrNLr-LrVXy9ip_Zsz_jouqg2ZKb2hm4XgPfroXl_yY9Hd8-_Sp_AKfRjPg</recordid><startdate>202103</startdate><enddate>202103</enddate><creator>Thorstensen, Helene</creator><creator>Ruus, Anders</creator><creator>Helberg, Morten</creator><creator>Bæk, Kine</creator><creator>Enge, Ellen Katrin</creator><creator>Borgå, Katrine</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>3HK</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8103-3263</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-7871</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202103</creationdate><title>Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System</title><author>Thorstensen, Helene ; Ruus, Anders ; Helberg, Morten ; Bæk, Kine ; Enge, Ellen Katrin ; Borgå, Katrine</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4120-a7efca54b5d99ef5e38a9d8331bd384fb93fa174ea6f89f2f1480bc95fe488423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aquatic birds</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Charadriiformes</topic><topic>Common eider</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Dry weight</topic><topic>Ecological distribution</topic><topic>Ecological niches</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Ecosystem assessment</topic><topic>Ecosystem management</topic><topic>Eggs</topic><topic>Environmental assessment</topic><topic>Environmental Impact Assessment</topic><topic>Environmental management</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Estuaries</topic><topic>Fjords</topic><topic>Food chains</topic><topic>Food contamination</topic><topic>Food webs</topic><topic>Herring gull</topic><topic>Incubation</topic><topic>Incubation period</topic><topic>Indicators</topic><topic>Integrated environmental assessment</topic><topic>Larus argentatus</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Lipophilic</topic><topic>Lipophilicity</topic><topic>Marine ecosystems</topic><topic>Marine fishes</topic><topic>Marine pollution</topic><topic>Markers</topic><topic>Maternal transfer</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Mercury - analysis</topic><topic>Niches</topic><topic>PCB</topic><topic>Persistent organic pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution indicators</topic><topic>Pollution monitoring</topic><topic>Polychlorinated biphenyls</topic><topic>Sea pollution</topic><topic>Seabirds</topic><topic>Somateria mollissima</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Weight</topic><topic>Wet weight</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thorstensen, Helene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruus, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Helberg, Morten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bæk, Kine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enge, Ellen Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borgå, Katrine</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives</collection><jtitle>Integrated environmental assessment and management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thorstensen, Helene</au><au>Ruus, Anders</au><au>Helberg, Morten</au><au>Bæk, Kine</au><au>Enge, Ellen Katrin</au><au>Borgå, Katrine</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System</atitle><jtitle>Integrated environmental assessment and management</jtitle><addtitle>Integr Environ Assess Manag</addtitle><date>2021-03</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>422</spage><epage>433</epage><pages>422-433</pages><issn>1551-3777</issn><eissn>1551-3793</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban‐influenced fjord, the Norwegian Oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein‐associated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), Hg, and dietary markers in blood (n = 15), and eggs (n = 15) between the herring gull and the strict marine‐feeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) in the breeding period of May 2017. Dietary markers showed that the herring gull was less representative of the marine food web than the common eider. We found higher concentrations of lipophilic OHCs (wet weight and lipid weight) and Hg (dry weight) in the blood of common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 210 ± 126 ng/g ww, 60 600 ± 28 300 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.94 ± 0.438 ng/g dw) than of the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 19.0 ± 15.6 ng/g ww, 1210 ± 1510 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.26 ± 0.438 ng/g dw). Eggs gave opposite results; higher wet weight and lipid weight OHC concentrations in the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 257 ± 203 ng/g ww, 3240 ± 2610 ng/g lw) than the common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 18.2 ± 20.8 ng/g ww, 101 ± 121 ng/g lw), resulting in higher OHC maternal transfer ratios in gulls than eiders. We suggest that the matrix differences are due to fasting during incubation in the common eider. We suggest that in urban areas, herring gull might not be representative as an indicator of marine contamination but rather urban contaminant exposure. The common eider is a better indicator of marine pollution in the Oslofjord. The results are influenced by the matrix choice, as breeding strategy affects lipid dynamics regarding the transfer of lipids and contaminants to eggs and remobilization of contaminants from lipids to blood during incubation, when blood is drawn from the mother. Our results illustrate the benefit of a multispecies approach for a thorough picture of contaminant status in urban marine ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:422–433. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
The common eider, a benthic midtrophic predator, represents marine contamination in the urban Oslofjord marine food web better than the opportunistic herring gull, but it cannot replace the gull as the indicator species.
The herring gull feeds from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources in addition to the marine food web, and it shows lower blood OHC concentrations than the common eider, but it is an interesting indicator species for the urban environment.
Egg‐to‐blood ratio OHC concentration ratios were >0 in the gull and <0 in the eider, likely resulting from remobilization of contaminants to the bloodstream during the incubation fast in eiders, providing challenges for interpreting results, and illustrating that the matrices should be used in combination.
There was no clear species difference in PFAS concentrations, with higher concentrations of PFDA, PFUdA, and PFHxS in the common eider, higher PFTrDA concentrations in the herring gull, and no difference between the species for PFOS and PFDoA.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>32926521</pmid><doi>10.1002/ieam.4340</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8103-3263</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-7871</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1551-3777 |
| ispartof | Integrated environmental assessment and management, 2021-03, Vol.17 (2), p.422-433 |
| issn | 1551-3777 1551-3793 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_cristin_nora_10852_80779 |
| source | MEDLINE; NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Animals Aquatic birds Blood Breeding Charadriiformes Common eider Contaminants Contamination Dry weight Ecological distribution Ecological niches Ecosystem Ecosystem assessment Ecosystem management Eggs Environmental assessment Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental management Environmental Monitoring Estuaries Fjords Food chains Food contamination Food webs Herring gull Incubation Incubation period Indicators Integrated environmental assessment Larus argentatus Lipids Lipophilic Lipophilicity Marine ecosystems Marine fishes Marine pollution Markers Maternal transfer Mercury Mercury - analysis Niches PCB Persistent organic pollutants Pollution indicators Pollution monitoring Polychlorinated biphenyls Sea pollution Seabirds Somateria mollissima Toxicology Urban areas Weight Wet weight |
| title | Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System |
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