Large-scale synthesis of single-source, thermally stable, and dual-emissive Mn-doped Zn-Cu-ln-S nanocrystals for bright white light-emitting diodes

The global demand for resource sustainability is growing. Thus, the development of single-source, environment-friendly colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal （NC） phosphors with broadband emission spectra is highly desirable for use as color converters in white light-emitting diodes （WLEDs）. We report herein the gram-scale synthesis of single-source, cadmium-free, dual-emissive Mn-doped Zn-Cu-In-S NCs （d-dots） by a simple, non-injection, low-cost, one-pot approach. This synthesis method led to the formation of NCs with continuously varying compositions in a radial direction because each precursor had a different reactivity. Consequently, the d-dots exhibited two emission bands, one that could be attributed to Mn emission and a second that could be ascribed to the band edge of the Zn-Cu-In-S NCs. The emission peaks assigned to band edge were tunable by modifying the particle size and composition. The prepared d-dots also exhibited the characteristic zero self-absorption, a quantum yield of 46%, and good thermal stability. Combining a commercial blue light-emitting diode （LED） chip with optimized d-dots as color converters gave a high color rendering index of up to 90, Commission Internationale de l＇eclairage color coordinates of （0.332, 0.321）, and a correlated color temperature of 5,680 K. These results suggest that cadmium-free, thermally stable, single-phase d-dot phosphors have potential applications in WLEDs.