Intelectualitatea „academic㔺i societatea transilvăneană între anii 1900-1918

The mutations that occurred among the intellectuals are characterized, firstly, by an important increase in number: from 14.143 in 1890 to 24.107 in 1900 and 32.288 in 1910. Out of 32.288 registered in 1910, 111.578 (37, 78%) were of Romanian nationality. The analysis of the intellectuals on professional and occupational groups after the 1910 registration, points out new proportions in the general representation of the intellectuality in Transylvania, as follows: 8.340 (25,9%) didactic intellectuality; 6.098 (18,8%) ecclesiastical intellectuality; 5.766 (17,5 %) technical and economical intellectuality; 4.479 (14%) functionaries; 3.001 (9,5%) medical intellectuality; 2.832 (approximately 9 %) juridical intellectuality; 831 (2,6) artistic intellectuality; 941 (2,8 %) other categories. From the last quarter of the 19th century on an increasing number of intellectuals were represented by women. The total number of women with intellectual occupations and professions increased from 2.315, registered in 1890, to 4.914 (15, 86 %) out of the Transylvanian intellectuality registered in 1910. Women were nevertheless offered inferior financial retribution compared to their male colleagues, especially in the educational institutions, which influenced negatively the material situation of this social category. We point out the fact that in this period the intellectuality was also heterogeneous from the ethnical perspective, phenomenon that can be explained mainly by the national composition of the Transylvanian population. In conclusion, the presence of the Romanians was by no means proportional with their number in the province. In the frame of the ecclesiastical intellectuality only the Romanians were present proportionally to their number: 4.240 Orthodox and Greek Catholic priests out of the total of 6.098 of registered priests in 1910.