Die Sakramentalien im Allgemeinen

This article on “Sacramentals in general” begins with the distinction between sacraments and sacramentals as set out in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Chapter II follows with a description of the historical development of the term “sacramentals” and how it has been understood. The first references to the term, which can be found in Hugh of St Victor, up to Thomas Aquinas are presented. There follows a list of the definitions developed by various theologians on the eve of the promulgation of the Codex Iuris Canonici in 1917. Then there is a treatment of the provisions on sacramentals which were introduced into canon law under Pope Benedict XV. Particular attention is paid to the work carried out before and during the Second Vatican Council, before continuing with an account of the magisterial treatment of sacramentals up to the pontificate of Pope John Paul II. Chapter III contains a systematic treatment of the sacramentals. Beginning with the canonical definition of sacramentals, it continues with a description of their variety and the question of their institution. Then the topics of efficacy and modes of action as well as the question of the dispensers and recipients of sacramentals are dealt with. A final chapter poses three central questions on the topic of sacramentals that are intended to stimulate further theological and pastoralreflection.