THE “EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS” AS THE CRISIS OF LIBERAL TOLERANCE: THREE MODALITIES OF LIBERAL EXCLUSION
This article examines European residential responses to migrations after 2015. The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Alternatif politika 2022-06, Vol.14 (2), p.229-262 |
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description | This article examines European residential responses to migrations after 2015. The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the affirmation of liberal tolerance. Contrarily, I argue that both responses utilize the liberal tolerance idea and its operational principles. First, they border the European Self and the migrant Other; re-border “the intolerable” and “the tolerable” migrant; and then exclude the former while only partially including the latter. Refugees’ inclusion and exclusion are seen either as a zero-sum (i.e., they are either included or excluded) or a dialectical state (i.e., the inclusion of some means the exclusion of others), but I claim that even the most inclusive responses are excluding the very subjects they claim to include. Inclusion is partial, while exclusion is constant. Thus, I discuss the migrants’ permanent yet differential exclusions in three modalities of liberal tolerance: Liberal intolerance, differentiating tolerance, and indifferent tolerance. |
doi_str_mv | 10.53376/ap.2022.08 |
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The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the affirmation of liberal tolerance. Contrarily, I argue that both responses utilize the liberal tolerance idea and its operational principles. First, they border the European Self and the migrant Other; re-border “the intolerable” and “the tolerable” migrant; and then exclude the former while only partially including the latter. Refugees’ inclusion and exclusion are seen either as a zero-sum (i.e., they are either included or excluded) or a dialectical state (i.e., the inclusion of some means the exclusion of others), but I claim that even the most inclusive responses are excluding the very subjects they claim to include. Inclusion is partial, while exclusion is constant. Thus, I discuss the migrants’ permanent yet differential exclusions in three modalities of liberal tolerance: Liberal intolerance, differentiating tolerance, and indifferent tolerance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1309-0593</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1309-0593</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.53376/ap.2022.08</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Istanbul: Rasim Ozgur DONMEZ</publisher><subject>"avrupa mülteci krizi" ; Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields ; ayırt eden tahammül ; Crises ; differentiating tolerance ; european refugee crisis ; Immigration policy ; indifferent tolerance ; Inter-Ethnic Relations ; kayıtsız tahammül ; liberal intolerance ; liberal tahammül ; liberal tahammülsüzlük ; liberal tolerance ; Migrants ; Migration ; Migration Studies ; Political behavior ; Politics and society ; Refugees ; Tolerance</subject><ispartof>Alternatif politika, 2022-06, Vol.14 (2), p.229-262</ispartof><rights>Copyright Alternatif Politika Jun 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0001-7288-5192</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttps://www.ceeol.com//api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2022_67723.jpg</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,2102,12845,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sözer, Hande</creatorcontrib><title>THE “EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS” AS THE CRISIS OF LIBERAL TOLERANCE: THREE MODALITIES OF LIBERAL EXCLUSION</title><title>Alternatif politika</title><addtitle>Alternative Politics</addtitle><description>This article examines European residential responses to migrations after 2015. The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the affirmation of liberal tolerance. Contrarily, I argue that both responses utilize the liberal tolerance idea and its operational principles. First, they border the European Self and the migrant Other; re-border “the intolerable” and “the tolerable” migrant; and then exclude the former while only partially including the latter. Refugees’ inclusion and exclusion are seen either as a zero-sum (i.e., they are either included or excluded) or a dialectical state (i.e., the inclusion of some means the exclusion of others), but I claim that even the most inclusive responses are excluding the very subjects they claim to include. Inclusion is partial, while exclusion is constant. Thus, I discuss the migrants’ permanent yet differential exclusions in three modalities of liberal tolerance: Liberal intolerance, differentiating tolerance, and indifferent tolerance.</description><subject>"avrupa mülteci krizi"</subject><subject>Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields</subject><subject>ayırt eden tahammül</subject><subject>Crises</subject><subject>differentiating tolerance</subject><subject>european refugee crisis</subject><subject>Immigration policy</subject><subject>indifferent tolerance</subject><subject>Inter-Ethnic Relations</subject><subject>kayıtsız tahammül</subject><subject>liberal intolerance</subject><subject>liberal tahammül</subject><subject>liberal tahammülsüzlük</subject><subject>liberal tolerance</subject><subject>Migrants</subject><subject>Migration</subject><subject>Migration Studies</subject><subject>Political behavior</subject><subject>Politics and society</subject><subject>Refugees</subject><subject>Tolerance</subject><issn>1309-0593</issn><issn>1309-0593</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>REL</sourceid><sourceid>7UB</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpV0ctKw0AUBuAgChbtyrUQcCmtc8-MuxinbSA2kgu4GyY3aa2mJu3CXR9EX65P4rQpXpjFGQ7f_GfgWNYFBEOKscNu9HKIAEJDwI-sHsRADAAV-PjP_dTqt-0cAIA4ZYzinvWSTKS93XzKNAofpTu1IzlKx1LaXuTHfrzdfNlubO9Q17DDkR34dzJyAzsJA1Onnrw1IDJvHsJ7N_ATX_5j8skL0tgPp-fWSaUXbdk_1DMrHcnEmwyCcOx7bjDIIRd8gBjlVUEgJuYATrHgGcGiIJxWmSYig0VViRJlFAkKqNbCyaixyGjMsgKfWX6XW9R6rpbN7FU3H6rWM7Vv1M2z0s1qli9KhXWucU6wLvKKAFAIgTJW5lQ43Mm1YCbrqstaNvX7umxXal6vmzfzfYWYQxGFBAijrjuVN3XbNmX1MxUCtV-O0ku1W44C3OjLgy7LevEbCAFhmEL8DWkvga8</recordid><startdate>20220601</startdate><enddate>20220601</enddate><creator>Sözer, Hande</creator><general>Rasim Ozgur DONMEZ</general><general>Rasim Özgür DÖNMEZ</general><general>Alternatif Politika</general><general>Abant İzzet Baysal University</general><scope>AE2</scope><scope>BIXPP</scope><scope>REL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7UB</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DPSOV</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>KC-</scope><scope>M2L</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-5192</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220601</creationdate><title>THE “EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS” AS THE CRISIS OF LIBERAL TOLERANCE: THREE MODALITIES OF LIBERAL EXCLUSION</title><author>Sözer, Hande</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1898-2658fd4134343085398b439d485fba49b1dff9e2b529505aa97b5434243036bd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>"avrupa mülteci krizi"</topic><topic>Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields</topic><topic>ayırt eden tahammül</topic><topic>Crises</topic><topic>differentiating tolerance</topic><topic>european refugee crisis</topic><topic>Immigration policy</topic><topic>indifferent tolerance</topic><topic>Inter-Ethnic Relations</topic><topic>kayıtsız tahammül</topic><topic>liberal intolerance</topic><topic>liberal tahammül</topic><topic>liberal tahammülsüzlük</topic><topic>liberal tolerance</topic><topic>Migrants</topic><topic>Migration</topic><topic>Migration Studies</topic><topic>Political behavior</topic><topic>Politics and society</topic><topic>Refugees</topic><topic>Tolerance</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sözer, Hande</creatorcontrib><collection>Central and Eastern European Online Library (C.E.E.O.L.) 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The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the affirmation of liberal tolerance. Contrarily, I argue that both responses utilize the liberal tolerance idea and its operational principles. First, they border the European Self and the migrant Other; re-border “the intolerable” and “the tolerable” migrant; and then exclude the former while only partially including the latter. Refugees’ inclusion and exclusion are seen either as a zero-sum (i.e., they are either included or excluded) or a dialectical state (i.e., the inclusion of some means the exclusion of others), but I claim that even the most inclusive responses are excluding the very subjects they claim to include. Inclusion is partial, while exclusion is constant. Thus, I discuss the migrants’ permanent yet differential exclusions in three modalities of liberal tolerance: Liberal intolerance, differentiating tolerance, and indifferent tolerance.</abstract><cop>Istanbul</cop><pub>Rasim Ozgur DONMEZ</pub><doi>10.53376/ap.2022.08</doi><tpages>34</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-5192</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | "avrupa mülteci krizi" Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields ayırt eden tahammül Crises differentiating tolerance european refugee crisis Immigration policy indifferent tolerance Inter-Ethnic Relations kayıtsız tahammül liberal intolerance liberal tahammül liberal tahammülsüzlük liberal tolerance Migrants Migration Migration Studies Political behavior Politics and society Refugees Tolerance |
title | THE “EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS” AS THE CRISIS OF LIBERAL TOLERANCE: THREE MODALITIES OF LIBERAL EXCLUSION |
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