The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Running of the Spectral Index
The NANOGrav 15-year data provides compelling evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies. The simplest model-independent approach to characterizing the frequency spectrum of this signal consists in a simple power-law fit involving two parameters: an amplitu...
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| creator | Agazie, Gabriella Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy George Baker, Paul T Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M Cornish, Neil J Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H. Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E Demorest, Paul B Deng, Heling Dolch, Timothy Esmyol, David Ferrara, Elizabeth C Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E Gardiner, Emiko C Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A Gersbach, Kyle A Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C Gültekin, Kayhan Hazboun, Jeffrey S Jennings, Ross J Johnson, Aaron D Jones, Megan L Kaplan, David L Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S Laal, Nima Lamb, William G Larsen, Bjorn Lazio, T. Joseph W Lewandowska, Natalia Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S Ma, Chung-Pei Madison, Dustin R McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W McLaughlin, Maura A McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W Meyers, Patrick M Mingarelli, Chiara M. F Mitridate, Andrea Ng, Cherry Nice, David J Ocker, Stella Koch Olum, Ken D Pennucci, Timothy T Perera, Benetge B. P Pol, Nihan S Radovan, Henri A Ransom, Scott M Ray, Paul S Romano, Joseph D Runnoe, Jessie C Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schröder, Tobias Shapiro-Albert, Brent J Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Siwek, Magdalena S Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa Stairs, Ingrid H Stinebring, Daniel R Stovall, Kevin Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K Taylor, Stephen R Turner, Jacob E Unal, Caner Vallisneri, Michele van Haasteren, Rutger Vigeland, Sarah J von Eckardstein, Richard Witt, Caitlin A Wright, David Young, Olivia |
| description | The NANOGrav 15-year data provides compelling evidence for a stochastic
gravitational-wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies. The simplest
model-independent approach to characterizing the frequency spectrum of this
signal consists in a simple power-law fit involving two parameters: an
amplitude A and a spectral index \gamma. In this paper, we consider the next
logical step beyond this minimal spectral model, allowing for a running (i.e.,
logarithmic frequency dependence) of the spectral index, \gamma_run(f) = \gamma
+ \beta \ln(f/f_ref). We fit this running-power-law (RPL) model to the NANOGrav
15-year data and perform a Bayesian model comparison with the minimal
constant-power-law (CPL) model, which results in a 95% credible interval for
the parameter \beta consistent with no running, \beta \in [-0.80,2.96], and an
inconclusive Bayes factor, B(RPL vs. CPL) = 0.69 +- 0.01. We thus conclude
that, at present, the minimal CPL model still suffices to adequately describe
the NANOGrav signal; however, future data sets may well lead to a measurement
of nonzero \beta. Finally, we interpret the RPL model as a description of
primordial GWs generated during cosmic inflation, which allows us to combine
our results with upper limits from big-bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic
microwave background, and LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.48550/arxiv.2408.10166 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>arxiv_GOX</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_arxiv_primary_2408_10166</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2408_10166</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-arxiv_primary_2408_101663</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpjYJA0NNAzsTA1NdBPLKrILNMzMjGw0DM0MDQz42SwCslIVfBz9PN3L0osUzA0VagsUnBJLElUCE4tsVIIKs3Ly8xLV8hPUygBqgsuSE0uKUrMUfDMS0mt4GFgTUvMKU7lhdLcDPJuriHOHrpgW-ILijJzE4sq40G2xYNtMyasAgB0SjI9</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Running of the Spectral Index</title><source>arXiv.org</source><creator>Agazie, Gabriella ; Anumarlapudi, Akash ; Archibald, Anne M ; Arzoumanian, Zaven ; Baier, Jeremy George ; Baker, Paul T ; Blecha, Laura ; Brazier, Adam ; Brook, Paul R ; Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ; Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ; Charisi, Maria ; Chatterjee, Shami ; Cohen, Tyler ; Cordes, James M ; Cornish, Neil J ; Crawford, Fronefield ; Cromartie, H. Thankful ; Crowter, Kathryn ; DeCesar, Megan E ; Demorest, Paul B ; Deng, Heling ; Dolch, Timothy ; Esmyol, David ; Ferrara, Elizabeth C ; Fiore, William ; Fonseca, Emmanuel ; Freedman, Gabriel E ; Gardiner, Emiko C ; Garver-Daniels, Nate ; Gentile, Peter A ; Gersbach, Kyle A ; Glaser, Joseph ; Good, Deborah C ; Gültekin, Kayhan ; Hazboun, Jeffrey S ; Jennings, Ross J ; Johnson, Aaron D ; Jones, Megan L ; Kaplan, David L ; Kelley, Luke Zoltan ; Kerr, Matthew ; Key, Joey S ; Laal, Nima ; Lamb, William G ; Larsen, Bjorn ; Lazio, T. Joseph W ; Lewandowska, Natalia ; Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos ; Liu, Tingting ; Lorimer, Duncan R ; Luo, Jing ; Lynch, Ryan S ; Ma, Chung-Pei ; Madison, Dustin R ; McEwen, Alexander ; McKee, James W ; McLaughlin, Maura A ; McMann, Natasha ; Meyers, Bradley W ; Meyers, Patrick M ; Mingarelli, Chiara M. F ; Mitridate, Andrea ; Ng, Cherry ; Nice, David J ; Ocker, Stella Koch ; Olum, Ken D ; Pennucci, Timothy T ; Perera, Benetge B. P ; Pol, Nihan S ; Radovan, Henri A ; Ransom, Scott M ; Ray, Paul S ; Romano, Joseph D ; Runnoe, Jessie C ; Saffer, Alexander ; Sardesai, Shashwat C ; Schmiedekamp, Ann ; Schmiedekamp, Carl ; Schröder, Tobias ; Shapiro-Albert, Brent J ; Siemens, Xavier ; Simon, Joseph ; Siwek, Magdalena S ; Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa ; Stairs, Ingrid H ; Stinebring, Daniel R ; Stovall, Kevin ; Susobhanan, Abhimanyu ; Swiggum, Joseph K ; Taylor, Stephen R ; Turner, Jacob E ; Unal, Caner ; Vallisneri, Michele ; van Haasteren, Rutger ; Vigeland, Sarah J ; von Eckardstein, Richard ; Witt, Caitlin A ; Wright, David ; Young, Olivia</creator><creatorcontrib>Agazie, Gabriella ; Anumarlapudi, Akash ; Archibald, Anne M ; Arzoumanian, Zaven ; Baier, Jeremy George ; Baker, Paul T ; Blecha, Laura ; Brazier, Adam ; Brook, Paul R ; Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ; Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ; Charisi, Maria ; Chatterjee, Shami ; Cohen, Tyler ; Cordes, James M ; Cornish, Neil J ; Crawford, Fronefield ; Cromartie, H. Thankful ; Crowter, Kathryn ; DeCesar, Megan E ; Demorest, Paul B ; Deng, Heling ; Dolch, Timothy ; Esmyol, David ; Ferrara, Elizabeth C ; Fiore, William ; Fonseca, Emmanuel ; Freedman, Gabriel E ; Gardiner, Emiko C ; Garver-Daniels, Nate ; Gentile, Peter A ; Gersbach, Kyle A ; Glaser, Joseph ; Good, Deborah C ; Gültekin, Kayhan ; Hazboun, Jeffrey S ; Jennings, Ross J ; Johnson, Aaron D ; Jones, Megan L ; Kaplan, David L ; Kelley, Luke Zoltan ; Kerr, Matthew ; Key, Joey S ; Laal, Nima ; Lamb, William G ; Larsen, Bjorn ; Lazio, T. Joseph W ; Lewandowska, Natalia ; Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos ; Liu, Tingting ; Lorimer, Duncan R ; Luo, Jing ; Lynch, Ryan S ; Ma, Chung-Pei ; Madison, Dustin R ; McEwen, Alexander ; McKee, James W ; McLaughlin, Maura A ; McMann, Natasha ; Meyers, Bradley W ; Meyers, Patrick M ; Mingarelli, Chiara M. F ; Mitridate, Andrea ; Ng, Cherry ; Nice, David J ; Ocker, Stella Koch ; Olum, Ken D ; Pennucci, Timothy T ; Perera, Benetge B. P ; Pol, Nihan S ; Radovan, Henri A ; Ransom, Scott M ; Ray, Paul S ; Romano, Joseph D ; Runnoe, Jessie C ; Saffer, Alexander ; Sardesai, Shashwat C ; Schmiedekamp, Ann ; Schmiedekamp, Carl ; Schröder, Tobias ; Shapiro-Albert, Brent J ; Siemens, Xavier ; Simon, Joseph ; Siwek, Magdalena S ; Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa ; Stairs, Ingrid H ; Stinebring, Daniel R ; Stovall, Kevin ; Susobhanan, Abhimanyu ; Swiggum, Joseph K ; Taylor, Stephen R ; Turner, Jacob E ; Unal, Caner ; Vallisneri, Michele ; van Haasteren, Rutger ; Vigeland, Sarah J ; von Eckardstein, Richard ; Witt, Caitlin A ; Wright, David ; Young, Olivia</creatorcontrib><description>The NANOGrav 15-year data provides compelling evidence for a stochastic
gravitational-wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies. The simplest
model-independent approach to characterizing the frequency spectrum of this
signal consists in a simple power-law fit involving two parameters: an
amplitude A and a spectral index \gamma. In this paper, we consider the next
logical step beyond this minimal spectral model, allowing for a running (i.e.,
logarithmic frequency dependence) of the spectral index, \gamma_run(f) = \gamma
+ \beta \ln(f/f_ref). We fit this running-power-law (RPL) model to the NANOGrav
15-year data and perform a Bayesian model comparison with the minimal
constant-power-law (CPL) model, which results in a 95% credible interval for
the parameter \beta consistent with no running, \beta \in [-0.80,2.96], and an
inconclusive Bayes factor, B(RPL vs. CPL) = 0.69 +- 0.01. We thus conclude
that, at present, the minimal CPL model still suffices to adequately describe
the NANOGrav signal; however, future data sets may well lead to a measurement
of nonzero \beta. Finally, we interpret the RPL model as a description of
primordial GWs generated during cosmic inflation, which allows us to combine
our results with upper limits from big-bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic
microwave background, and LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA.</description><identifier>DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2408.10166</identifier><language>eng</language><subject>Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ; Physics - General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ; Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ; Physics - High Energy Physics - Phenomenology</subject><creationdate>2024-08</creationdate><rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>228,230,776,881</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2408.10166$$EView_record_in_Cornell_University$$FView_record_in_$$GCornell_University$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.10166$$DView paper in arXiv$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Agazie, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anumarlapudi, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Archibald, Anne M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arzoumanian, Zaven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baier, Jeremy George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Paul T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blecha, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazier, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brook, Paul R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke-Spolaor, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey-Clyde, J. 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P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pol, Nihan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radovan, Henri A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ransom, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Paul S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romano, Joseph D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Runnoe, Jessie C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saffer, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sardesai, Shashwat C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, Tobias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shapiro-Albert, Brent J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siemens, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siwek, Magdalena S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stairs, Ingrid H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stinebring, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stovall, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Susobhanan, Abhimanyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swiggum, Joseph K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Stephen R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turner, Jacob E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unal, Caner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallisneri, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Haasteren, Rutger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vigeland, Sarah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Eckardstein, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witt, Caitlin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Olivia</creatorcontrib><title>The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Running of the Spectral Index</title><description>The NANOGrav 15-year data provides compelling evidence for a stochastic
gravitational-wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies. The simplest
model-independent approach to characterizing the frequency spectrum of this
signal consists in a simple power-law fit involving two parameters: an
amplitude A and a spectral index \gamma. In this paper, we consider the next
logical step beyond this minimal spectral model, allowing for a running (i.e.,
logarithmic frequency dependence) of the spectral index, \gamma_run(f) = \gamma
+ \beta \ln(f/f_ref). We fit this running-power-law (RPL) model to the NANOGrav
15-year data and perform a Bayesian model comparison with the minimal
constant-power-law (CPL) model, which results in a 95% credible interval for
the parameter \beta consistent with no running, \beta \in [-0.80,2.96], and an
inconclusive Bayes factor, B(RPL vs. CPL) = 0.69 +- 0.01. We thus conclude
that, at present, the minimal CPL model still suffices to adequately describe
the NANOGrav signal; however, future data sets may well lead to a measurement
of nonzero \beta. Finally, we interpret the RPL model as a description of
primordial GWs generated during cosmic inflation, which allows us to combine
our results with upper limits from big-bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic
microwave background, and LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA.</description><subject>Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics</subject><subject>Physics - General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology</subject><subject>Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</subject><subject>Physics - High Energy Physics - Phenomenology</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>GOX</sourceid><recordid>eNpjYJA0NNAzsTA1NdBPLKrILNMzMjGw0DM0MDQz42SwCslIVfBz9PN3L0osUzA0VagsUnBJLElUCE4tsVIIKs3Ly8xLV8hPUygBqgsuSE0uKUrMUfDMS0mt4GFgTUvMKU7lhdLcDPJuriHOHrpgW-ILijJzE4sq40G2xYNtMyasAgB0SjI9</recordid><startdate>20240819</startdate><enddate>20240819</enddate><creator>Agazie, Gabriella</creator><creator>Anumarlapudi, Akash</creator><creator>Archibald, Anne M</creator><creator>Arzoumanian, Zaven</creator><creator>Baier, Jeremy George</creator><creator>Baker, Paul T</creator><creator>Blecha, Laura</creator><creator>Brazier, Adam</creator><creator>Brook, Paul R</creator><creator>Burke-Spolaor, Sarah</creator><creator>Casey-Clyde, J. 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Andrew ; Charisi, Maria ; Chatterjee, Shami ; Cohen, Tyler ; Cordes, James M ; Cornish, Neil J ; Crawford, Fronefield ; Cromartie, H. Thankful ; Crowter, Kathryn ; DeCesar, Megan E ; Demorest, Paul B ; Deng, Heling ; Dolch, Timothy ; Esmyol, David ; Ferrara, Elizabeth C ; Fiore, William ; Fonseca, Emmanuel ; Freedman, Gabriel E ; Gardiner, Emiko C ; Garver-Daniels, Nate ; Gentile, Peter A ; Gersbach, Kyle A ; Glaser, Joseph ; Good, Deborah C ; Gültekin, Kayhan ; Hazboun, Jeffrey S ; Jennings, Ross J ; Johnson, Aaron D ; Jones, Megan L ; Kaplan, David L ; Kelley, Luke Zoltan ; Kerr, Matthew ; Key, Joey S ; Laal, Nima ; Lamb, William G ; Larsen, Bjorn ; Lazio, T. Joseph W ; Lewandowska, Natalia ; Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos ; Liu, Tingting ; Lorimer, Duncan R ; Luo, Jing ; Lynch, Ryan S ; Ma, Chung-Pei ; Madison, Dustin R ; McEwen, Alexander ; McKee, James W ; McLaughlin, Maura A ; McMann, Natasha ; Meyers, Bradley W ; Meyers, Patrick M ; Mingarelli, Chiara M. F ; Mitridate, Andrea ; Ng, Cherry ; Nice, David J ; Ocker, Stella Koch ; Olum, Ken D ; Pennucci, Timothy T ; Perera, Benetge B. P ; Pol, Nihan S ; Radovan, Henri A ; Ransom, Scott M ; Ray, Paul S ; Romano, Joseph D ; Runnoe, Jessie C ; Saffer, Alexander ; Sardesai, Shashwat C ; Schmiedekamp, Ann ; Schmiedekamp, Carl ; Schröder, Tobias ; Shapiro-Albert, Brent J ; Siemens, Xavier ; Simon, Joseph ; Siwek, Magdalena S ; Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa ; Stairs, Ingrid H ; Stinebring, Daniel R ; Stovall, Kevin ; Susobhanan, Abhimanyu ; Swiggum, Joseph K ; Taylor, Stephen R ; Turner, Jacob E ; Unal, Caner ; Vallisneri, Michele ; van Haasteren, Rutger ; Vigeland, Sarah J ; von Eckardstein, Richard ; Witt, Caitlin A ; Wright, David ; Young, Olivia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-arxiv_primary_2408_101663</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics</topic><topic>Physics - General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology</topic><topic>Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</topic><topic>Physics - High Energy Physics - Phenomenology</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Agazie, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anumarlapudi, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Archibald, Anne M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arzoumanian, Zaven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baier, Jeremy George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Paul T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blecha, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazier, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brook, Paul R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke-Spolaor, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charisi, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chatterjee, Shami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordes, James M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cornish, Neil J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Fronefield</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromartie, H. Thankful</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowter, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeCesar, Megan E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demorest, Paul B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Heling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolch, Timothy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esmyol, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrara, Elizabeth C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiore, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fonseca, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freedman, Gabriel E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gardiner, Emiko C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garver-Daniels, Nate</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gentile, Peter A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gersbach, Kyle A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaser, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Good, Deborah C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gültekin, Kayhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazboun, Jeffrey S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jennings, Ross J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Aaron D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Megan L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaplan, David L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelley, Luke Zoltan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerr, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Key, Joey S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laal, Nima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lamb, William G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larsen, Bjorn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lazio, T. Joseph W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewandowska, Natalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Tingting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lorimer, Duncan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lynch, Ryan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Chung-Pei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madison, Dustin R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEwen, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKee, James W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaughlin, Maura A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McMann, Natasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Bradley W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Patrick M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mingarelli, Chiara M. F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitridate, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Cherry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nice, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ocker, Stella Koch</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olum, Ken D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pennucci, Timothy T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perera, Benetge B. P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pol, Nihan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radovan, Henri A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ransom, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Paul S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romano, Joseph D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Runnoe, Jessie C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saffer, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sardesai, Shashwat C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, Tobias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shapiro-Albert, Brent J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siemens, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siwek, Magdalena S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stairs, Ingrid H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stinebring, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stovall, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Susobhanan, Abhimanyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swiggum, Joseph K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Stephen R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turner, Jacob E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unal, Caner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallisneri, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Haasteren, Rutger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vigeland, Sarah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Eckardstein, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witt, Caitlin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Olivia</creatorcontrib><collection>arXiv.org</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Agazie, Gabriella</au><au>Anumarlapudi, Akash</au><au>Archibald, Anne M</au><au>Arzoumanian, Zaven</au><au>Baier, Jeremy George</au><au>Baker, Paul T</au><au>Blecha, Laura</au><au>Brazier, Adam</au><au>Brook, Paul R</au><au>Burke-Spolaor, Sarah</au><au>Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew</au><au>Charisi, Maria</au><au>Chatterjee, Shami</au><au>Cohen, Tyler</au><au>Cordes, James M</au><au>Cornish, Neil J</au><au>Crawford, Fronefield</au><au>Cromartie, H. Thankful</au><au>Crowter, Kathryn</au><au>DeCesar, Megan E</au><au>Demorest, Paul B</au><au>Deng, Heling</au><au>Dolch, Timothy</au><au>Esmyol, David</au><au>Ferrara, Elizabeth C</au><au>Fiore, William</au><au>Fonseca, Emmanuel</au><au>Freedman, Gabriel E</au><au>Gardiner, Emiko C</au><au>Garver-Daniels, Nate</au><au>Gentile, Peter A</au><au>Gersbach, Kyle A</au><au>Glaser, Joseph</au><au>Good, Deborah C</au><au>Gültekin, Kayhan</au><au>Hazboun, Jeffrey S</au><au>Jennings, Ross J</au><au>Johnson, Aaron D</au><au>Jones, Megan L</au><au>Kaplan, David L</au><au>Kelley, Luke Zoltan</au><au>Kerr, Matthew</au><au>Key, Joey S</au><au>Laal, Nima</au><au>Lamb, William G</au><au>Larsen, Bjorn</au><au>Lazio, T. Joseph W</au><au>Lewandowska, Natalia</au><au>Santos, Rafael R. Lino dos</au><au>Liu, Tingting</au><au>Lorimer, Duncan R</au><au>Luo, Jing</au><au>Lynch, Ryan S</au><au>Ma, Chung-Pei</au><au>Madison, Dustin R</au><au>McEwen, Alexander</au><au>McKee, James W</au><au>McLaughlin, Maura A</au><au>McMann, Natasha</au><au>Meyers, Bradley W</au><au>Meyers, Patrick M</au><au>Mingarelli, Chiara M. F</au><au>Mitridate, Andrea</au><au>Ng, Cherry</au><au>Nice, David J</au><au>Ocker, Stella Koch</au><au>Olum, Ken D</au><au>Pennucci, Timothy T</au><au>Perera, Benetge B. P</au><au>Pol, Nihan S</au><au>Radovan, Henri A</au><au>Ransom, Scott M</au><au>Ray, Paul S</au><au>Romano, Joseph D</au><au>Runnoe, Jessie C</au><au>Saffer, Alexander</au><au>Sardesai, Shashwat C</au><au>Schmiedekamp, Ann</au><au>Schmiedekamp, Carl</au><au>Schröder, Tobias</au><au>Shapiro-Albert, Brent J</au><au>Siemens, Xavier</au><au>Simon, Joseph</au><au>Siwek, Magdalena S</au><au>Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa</au><au>Stairs, Ingrid H</au><au>Stinebring, Daniel R</au><au>Stovall, Kevin</au><au>Susobhanan, Abhimanyu</au><au>Swiggum, Joseph K</au><au>Taylor, Stephen R</au><au>Turner, Jacob E</au><au>Unal, Caner</au><au>Vallisneri, Michele</au><au>van Haasteren, Rutger</au><au>Vigeland, Sarah J</au><au>von Eckardstein, Richard</au><au>Witt, Caitlin A</au><au>Wright, David</au><au>Young, Olivia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Running of the Spectral Index</atitle><date>2024-08-19</date><risdate>2024</risdate><abstract>The NANOGrav 15-year data provides compelling evidence for a stochastic
gravitational-wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies. The simplest
model-independent approach to characterizing the frequency spectrum of this
signal consists in a simple power-law fit involving two parameters: an
amplitude A and a spectral index \gamma. In this paper, we consider the next
logical step beyond this minimal spectral model, allowing for a running (i.e.,
logarithmic frequency dependence) of the spectral index, \gamma_run(f) = \gamma
+ \beta \ln(f/f_ref). We fit this running-power-law (RPL) model to the NANOGrav
15-year data and perform a Bayesian model comparison with the minimal
constant-power-law (CPL) model, which results in a 95% credible interval for
the parameter \beta consistent with no running, \beta \in [-0.80,2.96], and an
inconclusive Bayes factor, B(RPL vs. CPL) = 0.69 +- 0.01. We thus conclude
that, at present, the minimal CPL model still suffices to adequately describe
the NANOGrav signal; however, future data sets may well lead to a measurement
of nonzero \beta. Finally, we interpret the RPL model as a description of
primordial GWs generated during cosmic inflation, which allows us to combine
our results with upper limits from big-bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic
microwave background, and LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA.</abstract><doi>10.48550/arxiv.2408.10166</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2408.10166 |
| ispartof | |
| issn | |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_arxiv_primary_2408_10166 |
| source | arXiv.org |
| subjects | Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Physics - General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Physics - High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| title | The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Running of the Spectral Index |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-28T03%3A35%3A45IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-arxiv_GOX&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20NANOGrav%2015%20yr%20Data%20Set:%20Running%20of%20the%20Spectral%20Index&rft.au=Agazie,%20Gabriella&rft.date=2024-08-19&rft_id=info:doi/10.48550/arxiv.2408.10166&rft_dat=%3Carxiv_GOX%3E2408_10166%3C/arxiv_GOX%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |