Electromagnetic Energy Extraction in Kerr Black Holes through Frame-Dragging Magnetospheres
It is argued that the zero-angular-momentum-observers (ZAMOs) circulating with the frame-dragging-angular-velocity $\omega$ plays a leading part in energy extraction. When the condition $\Omega_{\rm F}0$), whereas the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ inside spins backward ($\Omega_{\rm ZF}
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| creator | Okamoto, Isao Uchida, Toshio Song, Yoogeun |
| description | It is argued that the zero-angular-momentum-observers (ZAMOs) circulating
with the frame-dragging-angular-velocity $\omega$ plays a leading part in
energy extraction. When the condition $\Omega_{\rm F}0$), whereas the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ inside spins
backward ($\Omega_{\rm ZF} |
| doi_str_mv | 10.48550/arxiv.2401.12684 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>arxiv_GOX</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_arxiv_primary_2401_12684</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2401_12684</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-arxiv_primary_2401_126843</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFzrEOgjAUheEuDkZ9ACfvC4CAYJjVEhLj5uZAbsi1NJaW3FYjb28k7k5n-XPyCbFOkzgviyLZIr_1K87yJI3TbF_mc3GThtrArkdlKegWpCVWI8h3YGyDdha0hTMxw8Fg-4DaGfIQOnZP1UHF2FN0YlRKWwWX6cX5oSMmvxSzOxpPq98uxKaS12MdTYxmYN0jj82X00yc3f_iAxg7QOg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Electromagnetic Energy Extraction in Kerr Black Holes through Frame-Dragging Magnetospheres</title><source>arXiv.org</source><creator>Okamoto, Isao ; Uchida, Toshio ; Song, Yoogeun</creator><creatorcontrib>Okamoto, Isao ; Uchida, Toshio ; Song, Yoogeun</creatorcontrib><description>It is argued that the zero-angular-momentum-observers (ZAMOs) circulating
with the frame-dragging-angular-velocity $\omega$ plays a leading part in
energy extraction. When the condition $\Omega_{\rm F}<\Omega_{\rm H}$ is
satisfied, where $\Omega_{\rm H}$ and $\Omega_{\rm F}$ are the horizon and
field-line (FL) angular-velocities (AVs), they will see that the null surface
S$_{\rm N}$ with $\omega_{\rm N}=\Omega_{\rm F}$ always exists in the
force-free magnetosphere. The pivotal ZAMO-measured FLAV $\Omega_{\rm ZF}
\equiv \Omega_{\rm F} - \omega$ changes sign on this surface S$_{\rm N}$ where
the force-free and freezing-in conditions break down. The force-free
magnetosphere is divided on this surface, with particle-current sources on it.
The outer domain ${D}_{\rm (out)}$ outside S$_{\rm N}$ spins forward
($\Omega_{\rm ZF}>0$), whereas the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ inside spins
backward ($\Omega_{\rm ZF}<0$).
Because the electric field ${\bf E}_{\rm p}$ reverses direction there, the
Poynting flux reverses direction as well from outward to inward, though the
positive angular momentum always flows outwardly.
Electromagnetic self-extraction of energy will be possible only through the
frame-dragged magnetosphere, with the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ nested
between the horizon and the surface S$_{\rm N}$, when $\Omega_{\rm
F}<\Omega_{\rm H}$ is ensured by the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics.</description><identifier>DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2401.12684</identifier><language>eng</language><subject>Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ; Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</subject><creationdate>2024-01</creationdate><rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>228,230,782,887</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12684$$EView_record_in_Cornell_University$$FView_record_in_$$GCornell_University$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.12684$$DView paper in arXiv$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Okamoto, Isao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchida, Toshio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yoogeun</creatorcontrib><title>Electromagnetic Energy Extraction in Kerr Black Holes through Frame-Dragging Magnetospheres</title><description>It is argued that the zero-angular-momentum-observers (ZAMOs) circulating
with the frame-dragging-angular-velocity $\omega$ plays a leading part in
energy extraction. When the condition $\Omega_{\rm F}<\Omega_{\rm H}$ is
satisfied, where $\Omega_{\rm H}$ and $\Omega_{\rm F}$ are the horizon and
field-line (FL) angular-velocities (AVs), they will see that the null surface
S$_{\rm N}$ with $\omega_{\rm N}=\Omega_{\rm F}$ always exists in the
force-free magnetosphere. The pivotal ZAMO-measured FLAV $\Omega_{\rm ZF}
\equiv \Omega_{\rm F} - \omega$ changes sign on this surface S$_{\rm N}$ where
the force-free and freezing-in conditions break down. The force-free
magnetosphere is divided on this surface, with particle-current sources on it.
The outer domain ${D}_{\rm (out)}$ outside S$_{\rm N}$ spins forward
($\Omega_{\rm ZF}>0$), whereas the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ inside spins
backward ($\Omega_{\rm ZF}<0$).
Because the electric field ${\bf E}_{\rm p}$ reverses direction there, the
Poynting flux reverses direction as well from outward to inward, though the
positive angular momentum always flows outwardly.
Electromagnetic self-extraction of energy will be possible only through the
frame-dragged magnetosphere, with the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ nested
between the horizon and the surface S$_{\rm N}$, when $\Omega_{\rm
F}<\Omega_{\rm H}$ is ensured by the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics.</description><subject>Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies</subject><subject>Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>GOX</sourceid><recordid>eNqFzrEOgjAUheEuDkZ9ACfvC4CAYJjVEhLj5uZAbsi1NJaW3FYjb28k7k5n-XPyCbFOkzgviyLZIr_1K87yJI3TbF_mc3GThtrArkdlKegWpCVWI8h3YGyDdha0hTMxw8Fg-4DaGfIQOnZP1UHF2FN0YlRKWwWX6cX5oSMmvxSzOxpPq98uxKaS12MdTYxmYN0jj82X00yc3f_iAxg7QOg</recordid><startdate>20240123</startdate><enddate>20240123</enddate><creator>Okamoto, Isao</creator><creator>Uchida, Toshio</creator><creator>Song, Yoogeun</creator><scope>GOX</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240123</creationdate><title>Electromagnetic Energy Extraction in Kerr Black Holes through Frame-Dragging Magnetospheres</title><author>Okamoto, Isao ; Uchida, Toshio ; Song, Yoogeun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-arxiv_primary_2401_126843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies</topic><topic>Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Okamoto, Isao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchida, Toshio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yoogeun</creatorcontrib><collection>arXiv.org</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Okamoto, Isao</au><au>Uchida, Toshio</au><au>Song, Yoogeun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Electromagnetic Energy Extraction in Kerr Black Holes through Frame-Dragging Magnetospheres</atitle><date>2024-01-23</date><risdate>2024</risdate><abstract>It is argued that the zero-angular-momentum-observers (ZAMOs) circulating
with the frame-dragging-angular-velocity $\omega$ plays a leading part in
energy extraction. When the condition $\Omega_{\rm F}<\Omega_{\rm H}$ is
satisfied, where $\Omega_{\rm H}$ and $\Omega_{\rm F}$ are the horizon and
field-line (FL) angular-velocities (AVs), they will see that the null surface
S$_{\rm N}$ with $\omega_{\rm N}=\Omega_{\rm F}$ always exists in the
force-free magnetosphere. The pivotal ZAMO-measured FLAV $\Omega_{\rm ZF}
\equiv \Omega_{\rm F} - \omega$ changes sign on this surface S$_{\rm N}$ where
the force-free and freezing-in conditions break down. The force-free
magnetosphere is divided on this surface, with particle-current sources on it.
The outer domain ${D}_{\rm (out)}$ outside S$_{\rm N}$ spins forward
($\Omega_{\rm ZF}>0$), whereas the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ inside spins
backward ($\Omega_{\rm ZF}<0$).
Because the electric field ${\bf E}_{\rm p}$ reverses direction there, the
Poynting flux reverses direction as well from outward to inward, though the
positive angular momentum always flows outwardly.
Electromagnetic self-extraction of energy will be possible only through the
frame-dragged magnetosphere, with the inner domain ${D}_{\rm (in)}$ nested
between the horizon and the surface S$_{\rm N}$, when $\Omega_{\rm
F}<\Omega_{\rm H}$ is ensured by the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics.</abstract><doi>10.48550/arxiv.2401.12684</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies Physics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| title | Electromagnetic Energy Extraction in Kerr Black Holes through Frame-Dragging Magnetospheres |
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