Thermorefringent noise in crystalline optical materials
Any material in thermal equilibrium exhibits fundamental thermodynamic fluctuations of its mechanical and optical properties. Such thermodynamic fluctuations of length, elastic constants, and refractive index of amorphous materials -- like dielectric mirror coatings and substrates -- limit the perfo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | arXiv.org 2022-03 |
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| creator | Kryhin, Serhii Hall, Evan D Vivishek Sudhir |
| description | Any material in thermal equilibrium exhibits fundamental thermodynamic fluctuations of its mechanical and optical properties. Such thermodynamic fluctuations of length, elastic constants, and refractive index of amorphous materials -- like dielectric mirror coatings and substrates -- limit the performance of today's most precise optical instruments. Crystalline materials are increasingly employed in optical systems because of their reduced mechanical dissipation, which implies a reduction of thermo-mechanical fluctuations. However, the anisotropy of the crystalline state implies a fundamental source of thermal noise: depolarization induced by thermal fluctuations of its birefringence. We establish the theory of this effect, elucidate its consequences, discuss its relevance for precision optical experiments with crystalline materials, and hint at the conditions under which it can be evaded. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.48550/arxiv.2111.05433 |
| format | Article |
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Such thermodynamic fluctuations of length, elastic constants, and refractive index of amorphous materials -- like dielectric mirror coatings and substrates -- limit the performance of today's most precise optical instruments. Crystalline materials are increasingly employed in optical systems because of their reduced mechanical dissipation, which implies a reduction of thermo-mechanical fluctuations. However, the anisotropy of the crystalline state implies a fundamental source of thermal noise: depolarization induced by thermal fluctuations of its birefringence. 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| subjects | Amorphous materials Anisotropy Birefringence Crystal structure Crystallinity Depolarization Elastic limit Elastic properties Microscopes Noise Optical instruments Optical materials Optical properties Optics Physics - Optics Physics - Statistical Mechanics Refractivity Substrates Thermal noise Thermodynamic equilibrium |
| title | Thermorefringent noise in crystalline optical materials |
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