Toward 100% Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency with High Spin-Orbital Hall Conductivity Pt-Cr Alloys
5d transition metal Pt is the canonical spin Hall material for efficient generation of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Pt/ferromagnetic layer (FM) heterostructures. However, for a long while with tremendous engineering endeavors, the damping-like SOT efficiencies (\({\xi}_{DL}\)) of Pt and Pt alloys ha...
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| creator | Hu, Chen-Yu Chiu, Yu-Fang Tsai, Chia-Chin Huang, Chao-Chung Chen, Kuan-Hao Peng, Cheng-Wei Lee, Chien-Min Song, Ming-Yuan Huang, Yen-Lin Lin, Shy-Jay Pai, Chi-Feng |
| description | 5d transition metal Pt is the canonical spin Hall material for efficient generation of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Pt/ferromagnetic layer (FM) heterostructures. However, for a long while with tremendous engineering endeavors, the damping-like SOT efficiencies (\({\xi}_{DL}\)) of Pt and Pt alloys have still been limited to \({\xi}_{DL}\) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.48550/arxiv.2108.13857 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_arxiv</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_arxiv_primary_2108_13857</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2568300638</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a528-a48a1317b6ae01a173a7812564a8e011bec958c36d395b3a56791cf077d6f6a33</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpNkEtLw0AUhQdBsNT-AFcOiMvEmbmZR5YlVCMUKpi14eZlp8QkTtLW_PvG1oWrC4ePc-45hNxx5gdGSvaE7scefMGZ8TkYqa_ITABwzwRC3JBF3-8YY0JpISXMyEfSHtEVlDP2SN8723gbl9mBJq373pd0VVU2t2WTj_Rohy2N7ef2H4Y1jbGuadQ2xT4f7MEOI30bvMjRZV23Y39Lrius-3Lxd-ckeV4lUeytNy-v0XLtoRTGw8AgB64zhSXjyDWgNlxIFaCZBJ6VeShNDqqAUGaAUumQ5xXTulCVQoA5ub_YnsunnbNf6Mb0d4T0PMJEPFyIzrVTsX5Id-3eNdNP6ZRjgDEFBk5v311p</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2568300638</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Toward 100% Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency with High Spin-Orbital Hall Conductivity Pt-Cr Alloys</title><source>Ejournal Publishers (free content)</source><source>arXiv.org</source><creator>Hu, Chen-Yu ; Chiu, Yu-Fang ; Tsai, Chia-Chin ; Huang, Chao-Chung ; Chen, Kuan-Hao ; Peng, Cheng-Wei ; Lee, Chien-Min ; Song, Ming-Yuan ; Huang, Yen-Lin ; Lin, Shy-Jay ; Pai, Chi-Feng</creator><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chen-Yu ; Chiu, Yu-Fang ; Tsai, Chia-Chin ; Huang, Chao-Chung ; Chen, Kuan-Hao ; Peng, Cheng-Wei ; Lee, Chien-Min ; Song, Ming-Yuan ; Huang, Yen-Lin ; Lin, Shy-Jay ; Pai, Chi-Feng</creatorcontrib><description>5d transition metal Pt is the canonical spin Hall material for efficient generation of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Pt/ferromagnetic layer (FM) heterostructures. However, for a long while with tremendous engineering endeavors, the damping-like SOT efficiencies (\({\xi}_{DL}\)) of Pt and Pt alloys have still been limited to \({\xi}_{DL}\)<0.5. Here we present that with proper alloying elements, particularly 3d transition metals V and Cr, a high spin-orbital Hall conductivity (\({\sigma}_{SH}{\sim}6.5{\times}10^{5}({\hbar}/2e){\Omega}^{-1}{\cdot} m^{-1}\)) can be developed. Especially for the Cr-doped case, an extremely high \({\xi}_{DL}{\sim}0.9\) in a Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\)/Co device can be achieved with a moderate Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\) resistivity of \({\rho}_{xx}{\sim}133 {\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm\). A low critical SOT-driven switching current density of \(J_{c}{\sim}3.2{\times}10^{6} A{\cdot}cm^{-2}\) is also demonstrated. The damping constant (\({\alpha}\)) of Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\)/FM structure is also found to be reduced to 0.052 from the pure Pt/FM case of 0.078. The overall high \({\sigma}_{SH}\), giant \({\xi}_{DL}\), moderate \({\rho}_{xx}\), and reduced \({\alpha}\) of such a Pt-Cr/FM heterostructure makes it promising for versatile extremely low power consumption SOT memory applications.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2331-8422</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2108.13857</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ithaca: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</publisher><subject>Alloying elements ; Chromium ; Damping ; Ferromagnetic materials ; Heterostructures ; Physics - Materials Science ; Platinum base alloys ; Power consumption ; Torque ; Transition metals</subject><ispartof>arXiv.org, 2022-04</ispartof><rights>2022. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>228,230,781,785,886,27930</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.13857$$DView paper in arXiv$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c01233$$DView published paper (Access to full text may be restricted)$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chen-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiu, Yu-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Chia-Chin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Chao-Chung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kuan-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Cheng-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Chien-Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Ming-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yen-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Shy-Jay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pai, Chi-Feng</creatorcontrib><title>Toward 100% Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency with High Spin-Orbital Hall Conductivity Pt-Cr Alloys</title><title>arXiv.org</title><description>5d transition metal Pt is the canonical spin Hall material for efficient generation of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Pt/ferromagnetic layer (FM) heterostructures. However, for a long while with tremendous engineering endeavors, the damping-like SOT efficiencies (\({\xi}_{DL}\)) of Pt and Pt alloys have still been limited to \({\xi}_{DL}\)<0.5. Here we present that with proper alloying elements, particularly 3d transition metals V and Cr, a high spin-orbital Hall conductivity (\({\sigma}_{SH}{\sim}6.5{\times}10^{5}({\hbar}/2e){\Omega}^{-1}{\cdot} m^{-1}\)) can be developed. Especially for the Cr-doped case, an extremely high \({\xi}_{DL}{\sim}0.9\) in a Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\)/Co device can be achieved with a moderate Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\) resistivity of \({\rho}_{xx}{\sim}133 {\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm\). A low critical SOT-driven switching current density of \(J_{c}{\sim}3.2{\times}10^{6} A{\cdot}cm^{-2}\) is also demonstrated. The damping constant (\({\alpha}\)) of Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\)/FM structure is also found to be reduced to 0.052 from the pure Pt/FM case of 0.078. The overall high \({\sigma}_{SH}\), giant \({\xi}_{DL}\), moderate \({\rho}_{xx}\), and reduced \({\alpha}\) of such a Pt-Cr/FM heterostructure makes it promising for versatile extremely low power consumption SOT memory applications.</description><subject>Alloying elements</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Damping</subject><subject>Ferromagnetic materials</subject><subject>Heterostructures</subject><subject>Physics - Materials Science</subject><subject>Platinum base alloys</subject><subject>Power consumption</subject><subject>Torque</subject><subject>Transition metals</subject><issn>2331-8422</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GOX</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkEtLw0AUhQdBsNT-AFcOiMvEmbmZR5YlVCMUKpi14eZlp8QkTtLW_PvG1oWrC4ePc-45hNxx5gdGSvaE7scefMGZ8TkYqa_ITABwzwRC3JBF3-8YY0JpISXMyEfSHtEVlDP2SN8723gbl9mBJq373pd0VVU2t2WTj_Rohy2N7ef2H4Y1jbGuadQ2xT4f7MEOI30bvMjRZV23Y39Lrius-3Lxd-ckeV4lUeytNy-v0XLtoRTGw8AgB64zhSXjyDWgNlxIFaCZBJ6VeShNDqqAUGaAUumQ5xXTulCVQoA5ub_YnsunnbNf6Mb0d4T0PMJEPFyIzrVTsX5Id-3eNdNP6ZRjgDEFBk5v311p</recordid><startdate>20220408</startdate><enddate>20220408</enddate><creator>Hu, Chen-Yu</creator><creator>Chiu, Yu-Fang</creator><creator>Tsai, Chia-Chin</creator><creator>Huang, Chao-Chung</creator><creator>Chen, Kuan-Hao</creator><creator>Peng, Cheng-Wei</creator><creator>Lee, Chien-Min</creator><creator>Song, Ming-Yuan</creator><creator>Huang, Yen-Lin</creator><creator>Lin, Shy-Jay</creator><creator>Pai, Chi-Feng</creator><general>Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</general><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>GOX</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220408</creationdate><title>Toward 100% Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency with High Spin-Orbital Hall Conductivity Pt-Cr Alloys</title><author>Hu, Chen-Yu ; Chiu, Yu-Fang ; Tsai, Chia-Chin ; Huang, Chao-Chung ; Chen, Kuan-Hao ; Peng, Cheng-Wei ; Lee, Chien-Min ; Song, Ming-Yuan ; Huang, Yen-Lin ; Lin, Shy-Jay ; Pai, Chi-Feng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a528-a48a1317b6ae01a173a7812564a8e011bec958c36d395b3a56791cf077d6f6a33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Alloying elements</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Damping</topic><topic>Ferromagnetic materials</topic><topic>Heterostructures</topic><topic>Physics - Materials Science</topic><topic>Platinum base alloys</topic><topic>Power consumption</topic><topic>Torque</topic><topic>Transition metals</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chen-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiu, Yu-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Chia-Chin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Chao-Chung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kuan-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Cheng-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Chien-Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Ming-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yen-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Shy-Jay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pai, Chi-Feng</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><collection>arXiv.org</collection><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Chen-Yu</au><au>Chiu, Yu-Fang</au><au>Tsai, Chia-Chin</au><au>Huang, Chao-Chung</au><au>Chen, Kuan-Hao</au><au>Peng, Cheng-Wei</au><au>Lee, Chien-Min</au><au>Song, Ming-Yuan</au><au>Huang, Yen-Lin</au><au>Lin, Shy-Jay</au><au>Pai, Chi-Feng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Toward 100% Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency with High Spin-Orbital Hall Conductivity Pt-Cr Alloys</atitle><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle><date>2022-04-08</date><risdate>2022</risdate><eissn>2331-8422</eissn><abstract>5d transition metal Pt is the canonical spin Hall material for efficient generation of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Pt/ferromagnetic layer (FM) heterostructures. However, for a long while with tremendous engineering endeavors, the damping-like SOT efficiencies (\({\xi}_{DL}\)) of Pt and Pt alloys have still been limited to \({\xi}_{DL}\)<0.5. Here we present that with proper alloying elements, particularly 3d transition metals V and Cr, a high spin-orbital Hall conductivity (\({\sigma}_{SH}{\sim}6.5{\times}10^{5}({\hbar}/2e){\Omega}^{-1}{\cdot} m^{-1}\)) can be developed. Especially for the Cr-doped case, an extremely high \({\xi}_{DL}{\sim}0.9\) in a Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\)/Co device can be achieved with a moderate Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\) resistivity of \({\rho}_{xx}{\sim}133 {\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm\). A low critical SOT-driven switching current density of \(J_{c}{\sim}3.2{\times}10^{6} A{\cdot}cm^{-2}\) is also demonstrated. The damping constant (\({\alpha}\)) of Pt\(_{0.69}\)Cr\(_{0.31}\)/FM structure is also found to be reduced to 0.052 from the pure Pt/FM case of 0.078. The overall high \({\sigma}_{SH}\), giant \({\xi}_{DL}\), moderate \({\rho}_{xx}\), and reduced \({\alpha}\) of such a Pt-Cr/FM heterostructure makes it promising for versatile extremely low power consumption SOT memory applications.</abstract><cop>Ithaca</cop><pub>Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</pub><doi>10.48550/arxiv.2108.13857</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alloying elements Chromium Damping Ferromagnetic materials Heterostructures Physics - Materials Science Platinum base alloys Power consumption Torque Transition metals |
| title | Toward 100% Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiency with High Spin-Orbital Hall Conductivity Pt-Cr Alloys |
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