HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology During the Epoch of Reionization
Recently, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) collaboration has produced the experiment's first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at z~8 and 10. Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer constraints on the intergalactic medium (IGM) and gala...
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| creator | The HERA Collaboration Abdurashidova, Zara Aguirre, James E Alexander, Paul Zaki, Ali Balfour, Yanga Barkana, Rennan Beardsley, Adam Bernardi, Gianni Billings, Tashalee Bowman, Judd Bradley, Richard Bull, Phillip Burba, Jacob Carey, Steven Carilli, Christopher Cheng, Carina DeBoer, David Dexter, Matthew Eloy de Lera Acedo Dillon, Joshua Ely, John Ewall-Wice, Aaron Fagnoni, Nicolas Fialkov, Anastasia Fritz, Randall Furlanetto, Steven Gale-Sides, Kingsley Glendenning, Brian Gorthi, Deepthi Greig, Bradley Grobbelaar, Jasper Halday, Ziyaad Hazelton, Bryna Heimersheim, Stefan Hewitt, Jacqueline Hickish, Jack Jacobs, Daniel Austin, Julius Kern, Nicholas Kerrigan, Joshua Kittiwisit, Piyanat Kohn, Saul Kolopanis, Matthew Lanman, Adam Paul La Plante Lekalake, Telalo Lewis, David Liu, Adrian Yin-Zhe, Ma MacMahon, David Malan, Lourence Malgas, Cresshim Matthys Maree Martinot, Zachary Matsetela, Eunice Mesinger, Andrei Jordan Mirocha Molewa, Mathakane Morales, Miguel Mosiane, Tshegofalang Munoz, Julian Murray, Steven Neben, Abraham Nikolic, Bojan Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee Parsons, Aaron Patra, Nipanjana Pieterse, Samantha Pober, Jonathan Qin, Yuxiang Razavi-Ghods, N Reis, Itamar Ringuette, Jon Robnett, James Rosie, Kathryn Santos, Mario Sikder, Sudipta Sims, Peter Smith, Craig Syce, Angelo Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan Williams, Peter Zheng, Haoxuan |
| description | Recently, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) collaboration has produced the experiment's first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at z~8 and 10. Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer constraints on the intergalactic medium (IGM) and galaxies during the epoch of reionization (EoR) from these limits. We find that the IGM must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling threshold by z~8, independent of uncertainties about the IGM ionization state and the nature of the radio background. Combining HERA limits with galaxy and EoR observations constrains the spin temperature of the z~8 neutral IGM to 27 K < T_S < 630 K (2.3 K < T_S < 640 K) at 68% (95%) confidence. They therefore also place a lower bound on X-ray heating, a previously unconstrained aspects of early galaxies. For example, if the CMB dominates the z~8 radio background, the new HERA limits imply that the first galaxies produced X-rays more efficiently than local ones (with soft band X-ray luminosities per star formation rate constrained to L_X/SFR = { 10^40.2, 10^41.9 } erg/s/(M_sun/yr) at 68% confidence), consistent with expectations of X-ray binaries in low-metallicity environments. The z~10 limits require even earlier heating if dark-matter interactions (e.g., through millicharges) cool down the hydrogen gas. Using a model in which an extra radio background is produced by galaxies, we rule out (at 95% confidence) the combination of high radio and low X-ray luminosities of L_{r,\nu}/SFR > 3.9 x 10^24 W/Hz/(M_sun/yr) and L_X/SFR |
| doi_str_mv | 10.48550/arxiv.2108.07282 |
| format | Article |
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Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer constraints on the intergalactic medium (IGM) and galaxies during the epoch of reionization (EoR) from these limits. We find that the IGM must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling threshold by z~8, independent of uncertainties about the IGM ionization state and the nature of the radio background. Combining HERA limits with galaxy and EoR observations constrains the spin temperature of the z~8 neutral IGM to 27 K < T_S < 630 K (2.3 K < T_S < 640 K) at 68% (95%) confidence. They therefore also place a lower bound on X-ray heating, a previously unconstrained aspects of early galaxies. For example, if the CMB dominates the z~8 radio background, the new HERA limits imply that the first galaxies produced X-rays more efficiently than local ones (with soft band X-ray luminosities per star formation rate constrained to L_X/SFR = { 10^40.2, 10^41.9 } erg/s/(M_sun/yr) at 68% confidence), consistent with expectations of X-ray binaries in low-metallicity environments. The z~10 limits require even earlier heating if dark-matter interactions (e.g., through millicharges) cool down the hydrogen gas. Using a model in which an extra radio background is produced by galaxies, we rule out (at 95% confidence) the combination of high radio and low X-ray luminosities of L_{r,\nu}/SFR > 3.9 x 10^24 W/Hz/(M_sun/yr) and L_X/SFR<10^40 erg/s/(M_sun/yr). The new HERA upper limits neither support nor disfavor a cosmological interpretation of the recent EDGES detection. The analysis framework described here provides a foundation for the interpretation of future HERA results.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2331-8422</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2108.07282</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ithaca: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</publisher><subject>Astronomical models ; Astrophysics ; Constraint modelling ; Cosmology ; Galaxies ; Heating ; Intergalactic media ; Ionization ; Lower bounds ; Metallicity ; Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ; Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ; Physics - High Energy Physics - Theory ; Radio ; Spin temperature ; Star & galaxy formation ; Star formation rate ; X ray binaries ; X ray stars ; X-ray astronomy ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>arXiv.org, 2022-12</ispartof><rights>2022. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>228,230,776,780,881,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.07282$$DView paper in arXiv$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2ffc$$DView published paper (Access to full text may be restricted)$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>The HERA Collaboration</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdurashidova, Zara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aguirre, James E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaki, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balfour, Yanga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barkana, Rennan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beardsley, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernardi, Gianni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Billings, Tashalee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, Judd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bradley, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bull, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burba, Jacob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carey, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carilli, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Carina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeBoer, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dexter, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eloy de Lera Acedo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dillon, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ely, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ewall-Wice, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fagnoni, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fialkov, Anastasia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fritz, Randall</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furlanetto, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gale-Sides, Kingsley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glendenning, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorthi, Deepthi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greig, Bradley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grobbelaar, Jasper</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halday, Ziyaad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazelton, Bryna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heimersheim, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hewitt, Jacqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hickish, Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Austin, Julius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kern, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerrigan, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kittiwisit, Piyanat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kohn, Saul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolopanis, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanman, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paul La Plante</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lekalake, Telalo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin-Zhe, Ma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMahon, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malan, Lourence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malgas, Cresshim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matthys Maree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinot, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsetela, Eunice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mesinger, Andrei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan Mirocha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molewa, Mathakane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morales, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mosiane, Tshegofalang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Munoz, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murray, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neben, Abraham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikolic, Bojan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parsons, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patra, Nipanjana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pieterse, Samantha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pober, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Yuxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Razavi-Ghods, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reis, Itamar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ringuette, Jon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robnett, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosie, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sikder, Sudipta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sims, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Craig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Syce, Angelo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Haoxuan</creatorcontrib><title>HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology During the Epoch of Reionization</title><title>arXiv.org</title><description>Recently, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) collaboration has produced the experiment's first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at z~8 and 10. Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer constraints on the intergalactic medium (IGM) and galaxies during the epoch of reionization (EoR) from these limits. We find that the IGM must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling threshold by z~8, independent of uncertainties about the IGM ionization state and the nature of the radio background. Combining HERA limits with galaxy and EoR observations constrains the spin temperature of the z~8 neutral IGM to 27 K < T_S < 630 K (2.3 K < T_S < 640 K) at 68% (95%) confidence. They therefore also place a lower bound on X-ray heating, a previously unconstrained aspects of early galaxies. For example, if the CMB dominates the z~8 radio background, the new HERA limits imply that the first galaxies produced X-rays more efficiently than local ones (with soft band X-ray luminosities per star formation rate constrained to L_X/SFR = { 10^40.2, 10^41.9 } erg/s/(M_sun/yr) at 68% confidence), consistent with expectations of X-ray binaries in low-metallicity environments. The z~10 limits require even earlier heating if dark-matter interactions (e.g., through millicharges) cool down the hydrogen gas. Using a model in which an extra radio background is produced by galaxies, we rule out (at 95% confidence) the combination of high radio and low X-ray luminosities of L_{r,\nu}/SFR > 3.9 x 10^24 W/Hz/(M_sun/yr) and L_X/SFR<10^40 erg/s/(M_sun/yr). The new HERA upper limits neither support nor disfavor a cosmological interpretation of the recent EDGES detection. The analysis framework described here provides a foundation for the interpretation of future HERA results.</description><subject>Astronomical models</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Constraint modelling</subject><subject>Cosmology</subject><subject>Galaxies</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Intergalactic media</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Lower bounds</subject><subject>Metallicity</subject><subject>Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies</subject><subject>Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics</subject><subject>Physics - High Energy Physics - Theory</subject><subject>Radio</subject><subject>Spin temperature</subject><subject>Star & galaxy formation</subject><subject>Star formation rate</subject><subject>X ray binaries</subject><subject>X ray stars</subject><subject>X-ray astronomy</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>2331-8422</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GOX</sourceid><recordid>eNotkNFKwzAUhoMgOHQP4JUBrzuTk6ZpvRtzusFAmbsvaXe6ZqxJTTpxe3pr59XPOXznh_MRcs_ZJE6lZE_a_5jvCXCWTpiCFK7ICITgURoD3JBxCHvGGCQKpBQjcl7M11P6UeuAdElXpjFdoM7SrkY6c6ExJQUelQ39NDurD8_90obOa2Mv3LQfXFufgikD1XY7HLmD253oy9Ebuxua5q0ra-oqukbjrDnrro87cl3pQ8Dxf96Szet8M1tEq_e35Wy6irSELEp4XJRZrCouEtxmWaGRFah4IUTCMFUcKkhi1KC0QESmC0CBJdsiZEwqIW7Jw6V2EJO33jTan_I_QfkgqCceL0Tr3dcRQ5fv3dH334YcZNK3p4nIxC8rwmiY</recordid><startdate>20221220</startdate><enddate>20221220</enddate><creator>The HERA Collaboration</creator><creator>Abdurashidova, Zara</creator><creator>Aguirre, James E</creator><creator>Alexander, Paul</creator><creator>Zaki, Ali</creator><creator>Balfour, Yanga</creator><creator>Barkana, Rennan</creator><creator>Beardsley, Adam</creator><creator>Bernardi, Gianni</creator><creator>Billings, Tashalee</creator><creator>Bowman, Judd</creator><creator>Bradley, Richard</creator><creator>Bull, Phillip</creator><creator>Burba, Jacob</creator><creator>Carey, Steven</creator><creator>Carilli, Christopher</creator><creator>Cheng, Carina</creator><creator>DeBoer, David</creator><creator>Dexter, Matthew</creator><creator>Eloy de Lera Acedo</creator><creator>Dillon, Joshua</creator><creator>Ely, John</creator><creator>Ewall-Wice, Aaron</creator><creator>Fagnoni, Nicolas</creator><creator>Fialkov, Anastasia</creator><creator>Fritz, Randall</creator><creator>Furlanetto, Steven</creator><creator>Gale-Sides, Kingsley</creator><creator>Glendenning, Brian</creator><creator>Gorthi, Deepthi</creator><creator>Greig, Bradley</creator><creator>Grobbelaar, Jasper</creator><creator>Halday, Ziyaad</creator><creator>Hazelton, Bryna</creator><creator>Heimersheim, Stefan</creator><creator>Hewitt, Jacqueline</creator><creator>Hickish, Jack</creator><creator>Jacobs, 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arXiv.org</general><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>GOX</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221220</creationdate><title>HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology During the Epoch of Reionization</title><author>The HERA Collaboration ; Abdurashidova, Zara ; Aguirre, James E ; Alexander, Paul ; Zaki, Ali ; Balfour, Yanga ; Barkana, Rennan ; Beardsley, Adam ; Bernardi, Gianni ; Billings, Tashalee ; Bowman, Judd ; Bradley, Richard ; Bull, Phillip ; Burba, Jacob ; Carey, Steven ; Carilli, Christopher ; Cheng, Carina ; DeBoer, David ; Dexter, Matthew ; Eloy de Lera Acedo ; Dillon, Joshua ; Ely, John ; Ewall-Wice, Aaron ; Fagnoni, Nicolas ; Fialkov, Anastasia ; Fritz, Randall ; Furlanetto, Steven ; Gale-Sides, Kingsley ; Glendenning, Brian ; Gorthi, Deepthi ; Greig, Bradley ; Grobbelaar, Jasper ; Halday, Ziyaad ; Hazelton, Bryna ; Heimersheim, Stefan ; Hewitt, Jacqueline ; Hickish, Jack ; Jacobs, Daniel ; Austin, Julius ; Kern, Nicholas ; Kerrigan, Joshua ; Kittiwisit, Piyanat ; Kohn, Saul ; Kolopanis, Matthew ; Lanman, Adam ; Paul La Plante ; Lekalake, Telalo ; Lewis, David ; Liu, Adrian ; Yin-Zhe, Ma ; MacMahon, David ; Malan, Lourence ; Malgas, Cresshim ; Matthys Maree ; Martinot, Zachary ; Matsetela, Eunice ; Mesinger, Andrei ; Jordan Mirocha ; Molewa, Mathakane ; Morales, Miguel ; Mosiane, Tshegofalang ; Munoz, Julian ; Murray, Steven ; Neben, Abraham ; Nikolic, Bojan ; Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee ; Parsons, Aaron ; Patra, Nipanjana ; Pieterse, Samantha ; Pober, Jonathan ; Qin, Yuxiang ; Razavi-Ghods, N ; Reis, Itamar ; Ringuette, Jon ; Robnett, James ; Rosie, Kathryn ; Santos, Mario ; Sikder, Sudipta ; Sims, Peter ; Smith, Craig ; Syce, Angelo ; Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan ; Williams, Peter ; Zheng, Haoxuan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a529-614bc947f136ed99bae0be71b3360e8712f264ea27a3eee0ab2e3ec0de2905733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Astronomical models</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Constraint modelling</topic><topic>Cosmology</topic><topic>Galaxies</topic><topic>Heating</topic><topic>Intergalactic media</topic><topic>Ionization</topic><topic>Lower bounds</topic><topic>Metallicity</topic><topic>Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies</topic><topic>Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics</topic><topic>Physics - High Energy Physics - Theory</topic><topic>Radio</topic><topic>Spin temperature</topic><topic>Star & galaxy formation</topic><topic>Star formation rate</topic><topic>X ray binaries</topic><topic>X ray stars</topic><topic>X-ray astronomy</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>The HERA Collaboration</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdurashidova, Zara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aguirre, James E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaki, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balfour, Yanga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barkana, Rennan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beardsley, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernardi, Gianni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Billings, Tashalee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, Judd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bradley, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bull, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burba, Jacob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carey, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carilli, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Carina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeBoer, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dexter, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eloy de Lera Acedo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dillon, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ely, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ewall-Wice, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fagnoni, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fialkov, Anastasia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fritz, Randall</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furlanetto, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gale-Sides, Kingsley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glendenning, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorthi, Deepthi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greig, Bradley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grobbelaar, Jasper</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halday, Ziyaad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazelton, Bryna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heimersheim, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hewitt, Jacqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hickish, Jack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Austin, Julius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kern, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerrigan, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kittiwisit, Piyanat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kohn, Saul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolopanis, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanman, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paul La Plante</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lekalake, Telalo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewis, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yin-Zhe, Ma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMahon, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malan, Lourence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malgas, Cresshim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matthys Maree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinot, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsetela, Eunice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mesinger, Andrei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan Mirocha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molewa, Mathakane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morales, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mosiane, Tshegofalang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Munoz, Julian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murray, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neben, Abraham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikolic, Bojan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parsons, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patra, Nipanjana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pieterse, Samantha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pober, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Yuxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Razavi-Ghods, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reis, Itamar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ringuette, Jon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robnett, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosie, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sikder, Sudipta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sims, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Craig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Syce, Angelo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Haoxuan</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>arXiv.org</collection><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>The HERA Collaboration</au><au>Abdurashidova, Zara</au><au>Aguirre, James E</au><au>Alexander, Paul</au><au>Zaki, Ali</au><au>Balfour, Yanga</au><au>Barkana, Rennan</au><au>Beardsley, Adam</au><au>Bernardi, Gianni</au><au>Billings, Tashalee</au><au>Bowman, Judd</au><au>Bradley, Richard</au><au>Bull, Phillip</au><au>Burba, Jacob</au><au>Carey, Steven</au><au>Carilli, Christopher</au><au>Cheng, Carina</au><au>DeBoer, David</au><au>Dexter, Matthew</au><au>Eloy de Lera Acedo</au><au>Dillon, Joshua</au><au>Ely, John</au><au>Ewall-Wice, Aaron</au><au>Fagnoni, Nicolas</au><au>Fialkov, Anastasia</au><au>Fritz, Randall</au><au>Furlanetto, Steven</au><au>Gale-Sides, Kingsley</au><au>Glendenning, Brian</au><au>Gorthi, Deepthi</au><au>Greig, Bradley</au><au>Grobbelaar, Jasper</au><au>Halday, Ziyaad</au><au>Hazelton, Bryna</au><au>Heimersheim, Stefan</au><au>Hewitt, Jacqueline</au><au>Hickish, Jack</au><au>Jacobs, Daniel</au><au>Austin, Julius</au><au>Kern, Nicholas</au><au>Kerrigan, Joshua</au><au>Kittiwisit, Piyanat</au><au>Kohn, Saul</au><au>Kolopanis, Matthew</au><au>Lanman, Adam</au><au>Paul La Plante</au><au>Lekalake, Telalo</au><au>Lewis, David</au><au>Liu, Adrian</au><au>Yin-Zhe, Ma</au><au>MacMahon, David</au><au>Malan, Lourence</au><au>Malgas, Cresshim</au><au>Matthys Maree</au><au>Martinot, Zachary</au><au>Matsetela, Eunice</au><au>Mesinger, Andrei</au><au>Jordan Mirocha</au><au>Molewa, Mathakane</au><au>Morales, Miguel</au><au>Mosiane, Tshegofalang</au><au>Munoz, Julian</au><au>Murray, Steven</au><au>Neben, Abraham</au><au>Nikolic, Bojan</au><au>Chuneeta Devi Nunhokee</au><au>Parsons, Aaron</au><au>Patra, Nipanjana</au><au>Pieterse, Samantha</au><au>Pober, Jonathan</au><au>Qin, Yuxiang</au><au>Razavi-Ghods, N</au><au>Reis, Itamar</au><au>Ringuette, Jon</au><au>Robnett, James</au><au>Rosie, Kathryn</au><au>Santos, Mario</au><au>Sikder, Sudipta</au><au>Sims, Peter</au><au>Smith, Craig</au><au>Syce, Angelo</au><au>Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan</au><au>Williams, Peter</au><au>Zheng, Haoxuan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology During the Epoch of Reionization</atitle><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle><date>2022-12-20</date><risdate>2022</risdate><eissn>2331-8422</eissn><abstract>Recently, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) collaboration has produced the experiment's first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at z~8 and 10. Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer constraints on the intergalactic medium (IGM) and galaxies during the epoch of reionization (EoR) from these limits. We find that the IGM must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling threshold by z~8, independent of uncertainties about the IGM ionization state and the nature of the radio background. Combining HERA limits with galaxy and EoR observations constrains the spin temperature of the z~8 neutral IGM to 27 K < T_S < 630 K (2.3 K < T_S < 640 K) at 68% (95%) confidence. They therefore also place a lower bound on X-ray heating, a previously unconstrained aspects of early galaxies. For example, if the CMB dominates the z~8 radio background, the new HERA limits imply that the first galaxies produced X-rays more efficiently than local ones (with soft band X-ray luminosities per star formation rate constrained to L_X/SFR = { 10^40.2, 10^41.9 } erg/s/(M_sun/yr) at 68% confidence), consistent with expectations of X-ray binaries in low-metallicity environments. The z~10 limits require even earlier heating if dark-matter interactions (e.g., through millicharges) cool down the hydrogen gas. Using a model in which an extra radio background is produced by galaxies, we rule out (at 95% confidence) the combination of high radio and low X-ray luminosities of L_{r,\nu}/SFR > 3.9 x 10^24 W/Hz/(M_sun/yr) and L_X/SFR<10^40 erg/s/(M_sun/yr). The new HERA upper limits neither support nor disfavor a cosmological interpretation of the recent EDGES detection. The analysis framework described here provides a foundation for the interpretation of future HERA results.</abstract><cop>Ithaca</cop><pub>Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</pub><doi>10.48550/arxiv.2108.07282</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | EISSN: 2331-8422 |
| ispartof | arXiv.org, 2022-12 |
| issn | 2331-8422 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_arxiv_primary_2108_07282 |
| source | arXiv.org; Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Astronomical models Astrophysics Constraint modelling Cosmology Galaxies Heating Intergalactic media Ionization Lower bounds Metallicity Physics - Astrophysics of Galaxies Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Physics - High Energy Physics - Theory Radio Spin temperature Star & galaxy formation Star formation rate X ray binaries X ray stars X-ray astronomy X-rays |
| title | HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology During the Epoch of Reionization |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-16T02%3A39%3A39IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_arxiv&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=HERA%20Phase%20I%20Limits%20on%20the%20Cosmic%2021-cm%20Signal:%20Constraints%20on%20Astrophysics%20and%20Cosmology%20During%20the%20Epoch%20of%20Reionization&rft.jtitle=arXiv.org&rft.au=The%20HERA%20Collaboration&rft.date=2022-12-20&rft.eissn=2331-8422&rft_id=info:doi/10.48550/arxiv.2108.07282&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_arxiv%3E2562648639%3C/proquest_arxiv%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2562648639&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |