LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilitie...
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| creator | Wise, M W Gunst, A W Heald, G McKean, J P Hessels, J W T Nijboer, R Swinbank, J Fallows, R Brentjens, M Mann, G Stappers, B W Alexov, A Anderson, J Anderson, K Avruch, I M Batejat, F Bell, M E Bennema, P Bentum, M J Bernardi, G Best, P Bîrzan, L Braun, R Bregman, J R H van de Brink Brüggen, M Butcher, H R Ciardi, B Coenen, T Conway, J Damstra, S R -J Dettmar Donker, P Eislöffel, J J van Enst Ferrari, C Frieswijk, W Gankema, H Garrett, M A de Gasperin, F Grit, T Gruppen, P Hassall, T Hoeft, M Horneffer, A Huijgen, A Iacobelli, M Jackson, N Jelic, V de Jong, A Koers, A Kondratiev, V I Kuniyoshi, M Law, C J van Leeuwen Lemaitre, J Maat, P Macario, G Markoff, S Masters, J Meijering, H Mol, J D Morawietz, J Mulcahy, D D Nieuwenhuis, L R van Nieuwpoort Norden, M Noutsos, A Olofsson, H Overeem, R Paas, H Pizzo, R Polatidis, A Rafferty, D Rawlings, S Reitsma, J Riemers, P Rol, E Roosjen, J Scaife, A Schellart, P Schoenmakers, A Serylak, M Sluman, J Spreeuw, H H -J Stiepel Tasse, C Thomas, I Toribio, M C Usov, O M van Veelen A -J van der Veen S ter Veen Verbiest, J P W Vermaas, N Vocks, C R van Weeren Weggemans, H Yatawatta, S Zarka, P |
| description | LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities. Spreading out from a core located near the village of Exloo in the northeast of the Netherlands, a total of 40 LOFAR stations are nearing completion. A further five stations have been deployed throughout Germany, and one station has been built in each of France, Sweden, and the UK. Digital beam-forming techniques make the LOFAR system agile and allow for rapid repointing of the telescope as well as the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. With its dense core array and long interferometric baselines, LOFAR achieves unparalleled sensitivity and angular resolution in the low-frequency radio regime. The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community. LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We give an overview of the LOFAR instrument, its major hardware and software components, and the core science objectives that have driven its design. In addition, we present a selection of new results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.48550/arxiv.1305.3550 |
| format | Article |
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Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities. Spreading out from a core located near the village of Exloo in the northeast of the Netherlands, a total of 40 LOFAR stations are nearing completion. A further five stations have been deployed throughout Germany, and one station has been built in each of France, Sweden, and the UK. Digital beam-forming techniques make the LOFAR system agile and allow for rapid repointing of the telescope as well as the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. With its dense core array and long interferometric baselines, LOFAR achieves unparalleled sensitivity and angular resolution in the low-frequency radio regime. The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community. LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We give an overview of the LOFAR instrument, its major hardware and software components, and the core science objectives that have driven its design. In addition, we present a selection of new results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2331-8422</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1305.3550</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ithaca: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</publisher><subject>Angular resolution ; Beamforming ; Communities ; Forming techniques ; Frequency ranges ; LF radio ; LOFAR ; Observatories ; Phased arrays ; Physics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Radio interferometers ; Stations</subject><ispartof>arXiv.org, 2013-05</ispartof><rights>2013. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>228,230,776,780,881,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1305.3550$$DView paper in arXiv$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220873$$DView published paper (Access to full text may be restricted)$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wise, M W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gunst, A W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heald, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKean, J P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hessels, J W 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A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondratiev, V I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuniyoshi, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Law, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>J van Leeuwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemaitre, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maat, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macario, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markoff, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masters, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meijering, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mol, J D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morawietz, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulcahy, D D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieuwenhuis, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R van Nieuwpoort</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norden, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noutsos, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olofsson, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Overeem, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paas, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pizzo, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polatidis, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafferty, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rawlings, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reitsma, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riemers, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rol, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roosjen, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scaife, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schellart, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoenmakers, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serylak, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sluman, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spreeuw, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>H -J Stiepel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tasse, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toribio, M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Usov, O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>M van Veelen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>A -J van der Veen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>S ter Veen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verbiest, J P W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vermaas, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vocks, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R van Weeren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weggemans, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yatawatta, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zarka, P</creatorcontrib><title>LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray</title><title>arXiv.org</title><description>LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities. Spreading out from a core located near the village of Exloo in the northeast of the Netherlands, a total of 40 LOFAR stations are nearing completion. A further five stations have been deployed throughout Germany, and one station has been built in each of France, Sweden, and the UK. Digital beam-forming techniques make the LOFAR system agile and allow for rapid repointing of the telescope as well as the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. With its dense core array and long interferometric baselines, LOFAR achieves unparalleled sensitivity and angular resolution in the low-frequency radio regime. The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community. LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We give an overview of the LOFAR instrument, its major hardware and software components, and the core science objectives that have driven its design. In addition, we present a selection of new results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory.</description><subject>Angular resolution</subject><subject>Beamforming</subject><subject>Communities</subject><subject>Forming techniques</subject><subject>Frequency ranges</subject><subject>LF radio</subject><subject>LOFAR</subject><subject>Observatories</subject><subject>Phased arrays</subject><subject>Physics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics</subject><subject>Radio interferometers</subject><subject>Stations</subject><issn>2331-8422</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GOX</sourceid><recordid>eNotj1FLwzAUhYMgbMy9-zQKPqfe5CZp5lsZVoVCYe49JNkt29Btpk7tv7dzPh0OHA7fx9itgFxZreHep5_tVy4QdI5Dv2JjiSi4VVKO2LTrdgAgTSG1xjGb1U1VLh-y1YayuvnmVaKPE-1jn5XL5Psbdt36t46m_zlhr9XjavHM6-bpZVHW3GshuVKGLAVbtAIJRIyEypOwGiKSmhtroy88rKmIFKIwhbFog4hh3UIwBidsdnn9Q3fHtH33qXdnBXdWGAZ3l8ExHQa87tPtDqe0H4icBIsg5kZK_AWpmkZj</recordid><startdate>20130519</startdate><enddate>20130519</enddate><creator>Wise, M W</creator><creator>Gunst, A W</creator><creator>Heald, G</creator><creator>McKean, J P</creator><creator>Hessels, J W T</creator><creator>Nijboer, R</creator><creator>Swinbank, J</creator><creator>Fallows, R</creator><creator>Brentjens, M</creator><creator>Mann, G</creator><creator>Stappers, B W</creator><creator>Alexov, A</creator><creator>Anderson, J</creator><creator>Anderson, K</creator><creator>Avruch, I M</creator><creator>Batejat, F</creator><creator>Bell, M E</creator><creator>Bennema, P</creator><creator>Bentum, M J</creator><creator>Bernardi, G</creator><creator>Best, P</creator><creator>Bîrzan, L</creator><creator>Braun, R</creator><creator>Bregman, J</creator><creator>R H van de Brink</creator><creator>Brüggen, M</creator><creator>Butcher, H R</creator><creator>Ciardi, B</creator><creator>Coenen, T</creator><creator>Conway, J</creator><creator>Damstra, S</creator><creator>R -J Dettmar</creator><creator>Donker, P</creator><creator>Eislöffel, J</creator><creator>J van Enst</creator><creator>Ferrari, C</creator><creator>Frieswijk, W</creator><creator>Gankema, H</creator><creator>Garrett, M A</creator><creator>de Gasperin, F</creator><creator>Grit, T</creator><creator>Gruppen, P</creator><creator>Hassall, T</creator><creator>Hoeft, M</creator><creator>Horneffer, A</creator><creator>Huijgen, A</creator><creator>Iacobelli, 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arXiv.org</general><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>GOX</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130519</creationdate><title>LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray</title><author>Wise, M W ; Gunst, A W ; Heald, G ; McKean, J P ; Hessels, J W T ; Nijboer, R ; Swinbank, J ; Fallows, R ; Brentjens, M ; Mann, G ; Stappers, B W ; Alexov, A ; Anderson, J ; Anderson, K ; Avruch, I M ; Batejat, F ; Bell, M E ; Bennema, P ; Bentum, M J ; Bernardi, G ; Best, P ; Bîrzan, L ; Braun, R ; Bregman, J ; R H van de Brink ; Brüggen, M ; Butcher, H R ; Ciardi, B ; Coenen, T ; Conway, J ; Damstra, S ; R -J Dettmar ; Donker, P ; Eislöffel, J ; J van Enst ; Ferrari, C ; Frieswijk, W ; Gankema, H ; Garrett, M A ; de Gasperin, F ; Grit, T ; Gruppen, P ; Hassall, T ; Hoeft, M ; Horneffer, A ; Huijgen, A ; Iacobelli, M ; Jackson, N ; Jelic, V ; de Jong, A ; Koers, A ; Kondratiev, V I ; Kuniyoshi, M ; Law, C ; J van Leeuwen ; Lemaitre, J ; Maat, P ; Macario, G ; Markoff, S ; Masters, J ; Meijering, H ; Mol, J D ; Morawietz, J ; Mulcahy, D D ; Nieuwenhuis, L ; R van Nieuwpoort ; Norden, M ; Noutsos, A ; Olofsson, H ; Overeem, R ; Paas, H ; Pizzo, R ; Polatidis, A ; Rafferty, D ; Rawlings, S ; Reitsma, J ; Riemers, P ; Rol, E ; Roosjen, J ; Scaife, A ; Schellart, P ; Schoenmakers, A ; Serylak, M ; Sluman, J ; Spreeuw, H ; H -J Stiepel ; Tasse, C ; Thomas, I ; Toribio, M C ; Usov, O ; M van Veelen ; A -J van der Veen ; S ter Veen ; Verbiest, J P W ; Vermaas, N ; Vocks, C ; R van Weeren ; Weggemans, H ; Yatawatta, S ; Zarka, P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a512-446e8eb87f13e01cce34ae1850c3e49688ca7a0de7cebc1676838b1cbdf0b663</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Angular resolution</topic><topic>Beamforming</topic><topic>Communities</topic><topic>Forming techniques</topic><topic>Frequency ranges</topic><topic>LF radio</topic><topic>LOFAR</topic><topic>Observatories</topic><topic>Phased arrays</topic><topic>Physics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics</topic><topic>Radio interferometers</topic><topic>Stations</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wise, M W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gunst, A W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heald, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKean, J P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hessels, J W T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nijboer, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swinbank, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fallows, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brentjens, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mann, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stappers, B W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexov, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderson, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avruch, I M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batejat, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, M E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennema, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bentum, M J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernardi, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Best, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bîrzan, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Braun, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bregman, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R H van de Brink</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brüggen, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Butcher, H R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciardi, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coenen, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conway, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Damstra, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R -J Dettmar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donker, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eislöffel, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>J van Enst</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrari, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frieswijk, W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gankema, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garrett, M A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Gasperin, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grit, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gruppen, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassall, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoeft, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horneffer, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huijgen, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iacobelli, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jelic, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Jong, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koers, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondratiev, V I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuniyoshi, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Law, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>J van Leeuwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemaitre, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maat, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macario, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markoff, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masters, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meijering, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mol, J D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morawietz, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulcahy, D D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieuwenhuis, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R van Nieuwpoort</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norden, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noutsos, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olofsson, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Overeem, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paas, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pizzo, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polatidis, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafferty, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rawlings, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reitsma, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riemers, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rol, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roosjen, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scaife, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schellart, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoenmakers, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serylak, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sluman, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spreeuw, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>H -J Stiepel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tasse, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toribio, M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Usov, O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>M van Veelen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>A -J van der Veen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>S ter Veen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verbiest, J P W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vermaas, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vocks, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>R van Weeren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weggemans, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yatawatta, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zarka, P</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>arXiv.org</collection><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wise, M W</au><au>Gunst, A W</au><au>Heald, G</au><au>McKean, J P</au><au>Hessels, J W T</au><au>Nijboer, R</au><au>Swinbank, J</au><au>Fallows, R</au><au>Brentjens, M</au><au>Mann, G</au><au>Stappers, B W</au><au>Alexov, A</au><au>Anderson, J</au><au>Anderson, K</au><au>Avruch, I M</au><au>Batejat, F</au><au>Bell, M E</au><au>Bennema, P</au><au>Bentum, M J</au><au>Bernardi, G</au><au>Best, P</au><au>Bîrzan, L</au><au>Braun, R</au><au>Bregman, J</au><au>R H van de Brink</au><au>Brüggen, M</au><au>Butcher, H R</au><au>Ciardi, B</au><au>Coenen, T</au><au>Conway, J</au><au>Damstra, S</au><au>R -J Dettmar</au><au>Donker, P</au><au>Eislöffel, J</au><au>J van Enst</au><au>Ferrari, C</au><au>Frieswijk, W</au><au>Gankema, H</au><au>Garrett, M A</au><au>de Gasperin, F</au><au>Grit, T</au><au>Gruppen, P</au><au>Hassall, T</au><au>Hoeft, M</au><au>Horneffer, A</au><au>Huijgen, A</au><au>Iacobelli, M</au><au>Jackson, N</au><au>Jelic, V</au><au>de Jong, A</au><au>Koers, A</au><au>Kondratiev, V I</au><au>Kuniyoshi, M</au><au>Law, C</au><au>J van Leeuwen</au><au>Lemaitre, J</au><au>Maat, P</au><au>Macario, G</au><au>Markoff, S</au><au>Masters, J</au><au>Meijering, H</au><au>Mol, J D</au><au>Morawietz, J</au><au>Mulcahy, D D</au><au>Nieuwenhuis, L</au><au>R van Nieuwpoort</au><au>Norden, M</au><au>Noutsos, A</au><au>Olofsson, H</au><au>Overeem, R</au><au>Paas, H</au><au>Pizzo, R</au><au>Polatidis, A</au><au>Rafferty, D</au><au>Rawlings, S</au><au>Reitsma, J</au><au>Riemers, P</au><au>Rol, E</au><au>Roosjen, J</au><au>Scaife, A</au><au>Schellart, P</au><au>Schoenmakers, A</au><au>Serylak, M</au><au>Sluman, J</au><au>Spreeuw, H</au><au>H -J Stiepel</au><au>Tasse, C</au><au>Thomas, I</au><au>Toribio, M C</au><au>Usov, O</au><au>M van Veelen</au><au>A -J van der Veen</au><au>S ter Veen</au><au>Verbiest, J P W</au><au>Vermaas, N</au><au>Vocks, C</au><au>R van Weeren</au><au>Weggemans, H</au><au>Yatawatta, S</au><au>Zarka, P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray</atitle><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle><date>2013-05-19</date><risdate>2013</risdate><eissn>2331-8422</eissn><abstract>LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities. Spreading out from a core located near the village of Exloo in the northeast of the Netherlands, a total of 40 LOFAR stations are nearing completion. A further five stations have been deployed throughout Germany, and one station has been built in each of France, Sweden, and the UK. Digital beam-forming techniques make the LOFAR system agile and allow for rapid repointing of the telescope as well as the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. With its dense core array and long interferometric baselines, LOFAR achieves unparalleled sensitivity and angular resolution in the low-frequency radio regime. The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community. LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We give an overview of the LOFAR instrument, its major hardware and software components, and the core science objectives that have driven its design. In addition, we present a selection of new results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory.</abstract><cop>Ithaca</cop><pub>Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</pub><doi>10.48550/arxiv.1305.3550</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | EISSN: 2331-8422 |
| ispartof | arXiv.org, 2013-05 |
| issn | 2331-8422 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_arxiv_primary_1305_3550 |
| source | arXiv.org; Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Angular resolution Beamforming Communities Forming techniques Frequency ranges LF radio LOFAR Observatories Phased arrays Physics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Radio interferometers Stations |
| title | LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray |
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