Driven polymer translocation through nanopores: slow versus fast dynamics

We investigate the dynamics of polymer translocation through nanopores under external driving by 3D Langevin Dynamics simulations, focusing on the scaling of the average translocation time \(\tau\) versus the length of the polymer, \(\tau\sim N^{\alpha}\). For slow translocation, i.e., under low driving force and/or high friction, we find \(\alpha \approx 1+\nu \approx 1.588\) where \(\nu\) denotes the Flory exponent. In contrast, \(\alpha\approx 1.37\) is observed for fast translocation due to the highly deformed chain conformation on the trans side, reflecting a pronounced non-equilibrium situation. The dependence of the translocation time on the driving force is given by \(\tau \sim F^{-1}\) and \(\tau \sim F^{-0.80}\) for slow and fast translocation, respectively. These results clarify the controversy on the magnitude of the scaling exponent \(\alpha\) for driven translocation.