1876-1940 1883-1931 1889-1988 20th century Arabic and Western Arabic literature Arabic literature 20th century European influences Arabic literature 20th century History and criticism Arabic literature Foreign countries 20th century History and criticism Arabisch Comparative literature Comparative literature Arabic and Western Comparative literature Western and Arabic Criticism and interpretation European influences Foreign countries Gibran, Kahlil Gibran, Kahlil 1883-1931 Criticism and interpretation History and criticism LITERARY CRITICISM / African Literatur Literature Nuʻaymah, Mīkhāʼīl 1889-1988 Criticism and interpretation Nuʿaima, Mīḫāʾīl 1889-1988 Raiḥānī, Amīn ar- 1876-1940 Rihani, Ameen Fares Rihani, Ameen Fares 1876-1940 Criticism and interpretation USA Western and Arabic Ǧibrān, Ǧibrān Ḫalīl 1883-1931